Mariel Guera, CIMMYTâs national coordinator for research platforms, at one of the experimental platforms where practices are evaluated to diversify agricultural systems and improve their ecological and productive functionality (Photo: Ingrid GonzĂĄlez/CIMMYT)
Functional diversification in agriculture seeks to maximize the potential of crops not only as sources of food but also as contributors to soil health, ecosystem stability, and economic sustainability. Through strategic design, agroecosystems can be strengthened to become more resilient, efficient, and productive. Mariel Guera, National Research Coordinator of the Sustainable Agrifood Systems (SAS) Program at CIMMYT, shares key recommendations for those interested in transitioning toward more diverse and functional systems.
Intercropping of maize (Zea mays), common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), and squash (Cucurbita spp.) in a diversified system (Milpa). This combination enhances soil fertility, improves ground cover, and strengthens agroecosystem resilience (Photo: Jenifer Morales/CIMMYT)
Integrating different species within an agricultural system provides important agroecological benefits. For example, incorporating crops such as legumes can enhance soil fertility, disrupt pest and disease cycles, promote beneficial insect populations, and broaden food and income opportunities.
Reduce climate risk
Diversified agricultural system with crops of varying water requirements (Photo: OpenAI, ChatGPT)
Growing crops with different water and nutrient requirements helps mitigate the impact of irregular rainfall or extreme heat. Functional diversity brings greater stability in the face of climate uncertainty.
Select adapted species with market potential
Crops selected for their climate adaptation and commercial value. (Photo: Open AI, ChatGPT)
Species selection should be based on their adaptation to local conditions and market potential. While some hardy species may not be commercially viable,âŻthey fulfill essential functions such as providing soil cover, fixing nitrogen, and improving soil structureâleading to indirect benefits for the main crop.
Invest in intercropping and crop rotations
Crop at early stages under diversified agriculture management. (Photo: Jenifer Morales/CIMMYT)
Combining crops through practices such as maizeâbean intercropping or maizeâsesame relay planting enables more efficient use of system resources without reducing yields. These practices improve profitability, contribute to pest control, and promote efficient land use throughout the cropping cycle.
Assess before diversifying
Field assessment to evaluate soil conditions prior to diversifying crops (Photo: CIMMYT)
Before introducing new species, it is necessary to conduct a technical assessment of the context, including climate conditions, altitude, soil type, water availability, and agronomic history. This evaluation helps prevent losses and ensures effective diversification.
Support the agroecological transition
Management of cover crops as part of a functional diversification strategy (Photo: Sarah MartĂnez/CIMMYT)
Functional crop diversity reduces chemical inputs, improves soil health, and contributes to restoring ecological balance in the system. In the medium and long term, these benefits promote more efficient, regenerative production.
Intentional and knowledgeable diversification is key to achieving more resilient, productive, and sustainable agricultural systems. Incorporating functional crops that are adapted to local conditions and linked to clear objectives strengthens productive autonomy, improves profitability, and promotes more balanced agroecosystem management. For diversification to be effective, it is essential to assess the system, select appropriate species, and receive technical support.
If you are interested in applying this approach to your farm, contact the CIMMYT team in your region. Locate your nearest hub to receive specialized guidance in designing a diversification strategy tailored to your production context.
(Tracy Chokurongerwa and Atlas representative in her trial plot (Photo: CIMMYT)
âOur soils are exhausted. Even the best hybrid seed wonât yield much without nutrients. Organic fertilizers give us hope, but are they affordable and available? We need to understand our soils and make informed choices. This is an agrarian district; water isnât scarce, but good soil is,â lamented Mrs. Munyoro, a district local authority official in Murehwa.
These words reflect a difficult reality confronting many smallholder farmers in Zimbabweâs dryland farming regions: the urgent need to restore soil health in an increasingly fragile climate. With nearly 70% of the soils in districts like Murehwa and Mutoko classified as sandy, low in organic carbon, and prone to nutrient leaching, the potential for long-term productivity is steadily declining. Compounding this challenge is a decline in livestock populations due to disease, which reduces access to cattle manure, once a dependable source of organic nutrients.
To respond to these issues, the Resilience Building through Agroecological Intensification in Zimbabwe (RAIZ) project, led by the research consortium CIMMYT, is conducting field trials targeting soil fertility enhancement strategies that align scientific rigor with local practicality. These trials explore how conservation agriculture (CA) techniques and various organic fertility inputsâranging from traditional manure to market-supplied products like Bokashi, Atlas orgfert (organic D), Orgfert, and Vermicompostâcan sustainably improve soil fertility, structure, microbial health, and ultimately yield outcomes.
But why do these trials matter? The market is increasingly saturated with organic fertilisers, which offer both opportunities and dilemmas for smallholder farmers. From ZimEarthwormsâvermicompost, Bokashi, Orgfert, and Atlas orgfert (organic D) gaining visibility, questions remain around their affordability, accessibility, and context-specific performance. Farmers continue to rely on cattle manure where available, but rising livestock mortality, including from theileriosis (commonly referred to as January disease), is limiting this resource.
The RAIZ trials go beyond measuring yield dataâthey also evaluate farmer appreciation, labor requirements, and cost-effectiveness. Moreover, local authorities emphasize the importance of understanding how different organic inputs influence nutrient cycling, soil microbial activity, and overall soil fertility dynamics over time.
With several companies producing organic inputs, and cattle manure being a traditional staple, the big questions remain: What works best? What can farmers afford? And how can the findings shape broader adoption? This integrated approach is critical for guiding broader adoption of sustainable practices in Zimbabwe’s farming systems, where poor granite-derived sandy soils of low organic matter and low pH constitute up to 60% of the countryâs arable land.
Insights from the Field
The farmer-led trial by Tracy Chokurongerwa in Murehwa offered compelling insights into the comparative value of organic inputs under both conventional and CA management, including intercropping setups such as maizeâcowpea combinations. Treatments across plots were standardized to include five organic amendments: Vermicompost, Orgfert, Atlas orgfert (organic D), Bokashi, and cattle manure.
An aerial view of the experimental plot on organic soil amendments in Murehwa Ward 28 (Photo: CIMMYT)
Bokashi showed notable improved performance compared to the previous season, while Atlas orgfert (organic D) emerged as the preferred input by farmers based on visual crop vigor and yield observations. ZimEarthwormsâ vermicompost performed particularly well when combined with Compound D fertilizer, suggesting synergistic effects between organic and synthetic inputs. However, challenges with land topography and water retention reinforced the need for supporting practices such as contour ridges, stormwater diversion channels, and timely land preparation.
In another trial, one farmer tested intercropping with pigeon pea and echoed the preference for Atlas orgfert (organic D). A separate rate trial examined the impact of increasing organic input volumes, revealing a positive yield response under CA systems, although erosion risks on sloped terrain were a concernâemphasizing once again the importance of land and water management.
In Mutoko, trials faced additional variables. Termite infestation was notable in one plot, aggravated by water runoff and poor mulch management. However, plots that utilized decomposed leaf litter mulch showed better moisture retention and stronger crop establishment under conservation agriculture practices. At some sites, the differences between CA and conventional till plots were striking to all visitors, clearly demonstrating the regenerative capacity of CA-based systems.
These examples illustrate how site-specific conditionsâsuch as slope, soil type, and mulch availabilityâheavily influence the outcomes of soil fertility interventions. Importantly, researchers noted that marginal land allocation for trials (often the only land farmers can offer) can limit replicability and yield potential, highlighting the tension between field research conditions and real-world farming constraints.
Highlights of the 2023/24 Season
The 2023/24 season was a year of experimentation and learning for the RAIZ project, as farmers diligently undertook the targeted trials with recommended organic fertilizer rates and conservation agriculture (CA) methods. A total of 51 farmers participated in farmer-led experiments, with 30 testing standard or recommended rates of organic amendments under CA techniques, and 21 evaluating different organic fertilizer rates. Six decentralized learning centers hosted demonstrations on maize variety performance, CA principles, sorghum, and manure use, providing a platform for peer learning and knowledge exchange.
Despite erratic rainfall ranging from 250 to 500 mm, the trials delivered critical insights into what works and where. Results showed limited maize harvests, while the trials emphasized understanding which soil amendments are most effective across different areas. This approach helps farmers avoid costly fertilizer investments by identifying locally affordable and sustainable soil enhancement options. The need for early land preparation and strategic planning at the start of the season was a key takeaway, particularly in the face of climate unpredictability and ongoing soil degradation.
Reflections from the Ground
One of the strongest messages from both farmers and stakeholders was a call for continuity. Participants appreciated the way research was embedded within farmer realities and stressed the importance of scaling the initiative. Farmer engagement from the outset, coupled with co-implementation of trials, has fostered a sense of ownership and trust.
A particularly telling observation was the presence of witchweed in conventional maize plots, reinforcing the importance of integrated soil fertility management and diversified cropping systems. Such findings not only validate CA and organic input combinations but also contribute to a growing body of evidence on how to manage parasitic weeds through ecological approaches.
With community trust, scientific insight, and early success stories in hand, the pathway to broader adoption of organic-based soil restoration strategies is becoming clearer. However, sustained support, adaptive extension services, and inclusive learning platforms will be critical to maintain momentum. For districts like Murehwa and Mutoko, soil health is the limiting factorâbut with the right inputs, the right knowledge, and continued collaboration, smallholder farmers can rebuild the fertility foundation of their lands, and with it, secure the future of rural livelihoods.
Training in agroecological pest management during the early activities of the Western Honduras InnovaHub (Photo: Marlon Duron, Western InnovaHub)
Since our foundation, multilateralism has been a guiding principle of CIMMYTâs mission. We firmly believe that by forging strong alliances among countries, institutions, and communities, we can collectively confront the pressing challenges threatening food security,environmental health, and social cohesion.
From our base in Mexico, we cultivate networks of scientific and technical collaboration to advance agricultural innovations that are tailored to local realities. These solutions strengthen agri-food systems, enabling them to endure climate shocks, economic disruptions, and social crises.
Agriculture for Peace: A Transformative Vision Rooted in Science
A living embodiment of this vision is Agriculture for Peace, an initiative led by the Government of Mexico and supported by CIMMYTâs scientific and technical expertise. The initiative is grounded in a profound yet simple conviction: agricultureâwhen enriched by both cutting-edge research and the ancestral wisdom of farmersâcan serve as a powerful force for social reconciliation, inclusive development, and enduring peace.
Through applied research, technology transfer, local capacity development, and the creation of economic opportunities, Agriculture for Peace seeks to foster resilient, equitable, and prosperous communities. This initiative represents a concrete pathway to regenerate hopeâboth in Mexico and across borders.
Global Partnerships, Local Impact
CIMMYTâs commitment to multilateralism extends across the globe:
In Africa, through MasAgro Africa, we adapt successful experiences from Mexico to strengthen the capacities of smallholder farmers in countries such as Malawi, Tanzania, Zambia, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. This work promotes sustainable agricultural practices, boosts productivity, and enhances food and nutrition security.
In South Asia, we collaborate with partners in India, Nepal, and Bangladesh to transform cereal production systems. Together, we promote climate-resilient farming methods that improve both yields and livelihoods.
In Latin America and the Caribbean, we advance the AgriLAC Resiliente initiative to foster inclusive innovation, scientific collaboration, and policy engagement that address the dual threats of climate change and rural inequality.
A Legacy of Listening and Action
Over the course of six decades, CIMMYT has learned that transformation begins with listening. Our founder, Dr. Norman Borlaug, understood the importance of hearing the worldâs crisesâand responding with science, innovation, and international solidarity. His legacy compels us to continue listening closely to todayâs challenges and co-creating solutions that are rooted in cooperation and driven by evidence.
Today, as the world confronts compounding global crises, the need for unity, dialogue, and action has never been more urgent. At CIMMYT, we call for renewed and strengthened alliances to holistically transform agri-food systemsâmerging scientific excellence with the time-honored knowledge of farmers.
Because by doing so, we do more than cultivate crops: We sow resilience, sustainability, and shared prosperity.
Agriculture for Peace is our collective opportunity to sow transformation, regeneration, and hope.
Asma Akter and her daughter, Tasin Fahariya, have emerged as inspiring examples of resilient agriculture-based light engineering (ABLE) entrepreneurs in Bangladesh. Their journey began in the face of tragedy when Asma, at 38, lost her husband to COVID-19. As the proprietor of Belal Engineering Workshop, a family business started by her late husband 32 years ago, Asma took on the responsibility of running the manufacturing enterprise.
The initial challenges were daunting. Customers lost trust in the company’s ability to deliver quality products on time under the leadership of a woman. Even their experienced workshop staff felt insecure about their job prospects under the new management. Financial institutions were hesitant to provide loans to a woman-led business, making it difficult to purchase raw materials for production.
However, their fortunes changed with the connections they made. Tasin received training in Financial Management, Digital Marketing, and Technical Drawing and Design. These courses enhanced her professional skills and boosted her confidence to lead the business effectively. They secured a loan of over US$4,300 from Gram Unnayan Kendra (GUK), addressing their capital needs.
They connected with dealers across Bangladesh, significantly expanding their customer base. They branded their products through smart packaging and organizational branding with logos, which helped them compete more effectively in the market.
As a result of these interventions, Asma and Tasinâs business has seen remarkable growth. Theyâve expanded from 10 dealer points to 14, adding new geographical regions to their network. Their order volume and sales have increased tremendously. The mother-daughter duoâs achievements go beyond financial gainsâtheir success underscores the importance of diverse viewpoints in enhancing and optimizing manufacturing processes.
Asma Akter at Belal Engineering Workshop in Bogura
In Kasoka village of Bukedea District in Uganda, Nelson Ekurutu, a dedicated farmer, is leading the way in agricultural experimentation. With support from the Accelerated Varietal Improvement and Seed Systems in Africa (AVISA) projectâfunded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) and implemented in partnership with CIMMYT and the National Semi-Arid Resources Research Institute (NaSARRI)âNelson has embarked on a journey to test three new groundnut varieties: SERENUT 8, SERENUT 11, and SERENUT 14. The demonstration plots provide him with a platform to test new varieties, helping him and others understand what works best in their locality. Â
While Nelson is drawn to the SERENUT 11 variety for its attractive leaves, he remains cautious, knowing that the real test will come only after the harvest. “This is my first time planting these varieties,” he says. As curious neighbors pass by and inquire about the varieties, he explains, ‘We are testing new varieties, and weâll know more about their performance and yields after the harvest.âÂ
The AVISA project, which aims to improve the productivity of dryland crops such as groundnut, finger millet, and sorghum, plays a crucial role in Nelsonâs work. With funding and technical support from CIMMYT and NaSARRI, farmers like Nelson are given the opportunity to test improved, drought-tolerant, and disease-resistant varieties. These varieties are designed to increase yields and help farmers become more resilient to climate change while enhancing production systems. Â
Nelson is trialing new varieties of ground nut, finger millet, and sorghum (Photo: Marion Aluoch/CIMMYT)
Nelsonâs demonstration plots, using seed supplied by NaSARRI, are part of this initiative. CIMMYT has been instrumental in ensuring that these varieties are adapted to the local environment, while also working with NaSARRI to build farmersâ capacity through hands-on training and technical assistance.Â
In addition to groundnut, Nelson is also experimenting with finger millet and sorghum. He values the red finger millet variety SEREMI 2 for its quick maturity and larger heads. “I planted the finger millet on April 10th, and by July this year (2024), it was ready for harvest,” he says proudly. In addition to finger millet, he is also testing several sorghum varietiesâNAROSORG 2, which is red, and SESO 1, which is white. Although he likes them all, Nelson has a clear preference: “I prefer the red sorghum because birds donât eat it as much. When mixed with cassava, it makes a good atapa.” Atapa is a staple food in Uganda made by mixing cassava and sorghum flour and cooking it with water until it forms a firm, dough-like consistency. It is typically served as a side dish with stews, vegetables, or meat. Similar dishes are known by different names across the regionâUgali in Kenya, Sadza in Zimbabwe, and Pap in South Africaâunderlining its importance in African cuisine.Â
Nelson showcases the SESO 1 sorghum variety that is white in color (Photo: Marion Aluoch/CIMMYT)
Nelson notes that although the white sorghum produces larger heads, it attracts more birds, requiring him to cover the heads to prevent damage. These trials represent Nelsonâs first experience with these varieties, and he acknowledges the learning process involved. “The seed was sourced from NaSARRI specifically for these demonstration plots,” he explains. He believes that by seeing the results first-hand, other local farmers will be able to make informed decisions about adopting the new varieties for improved seed production. Â
Nelsonâs demonstration plots serve as valuable learning sites for the wider farming community. By bridging the gap between research and farmers’ needs, the AVISA project ensures that scientific innovations reach those who need them most. Reflecting on his journey, Nelson describes the testing of these new varieties as a continuous learning experience. “Iâve been growing sorghum for a long time, and when people see how I grow it, they often ask about the variety and where they can get seeds,” he says. After his harvest, Nelson plans to share the seeds with nearby farmers while keeping some for his own future planting.Â
Although he hasn’t been involved in large-scale seed distribution before, Nelson sees potential for future collaboration. “There’s a group of sunflower and groundnut farmers who have organized themselves into a SACCO to access funding,” he says, referring to the Parish Development Model (PDM) initiative. This model could offer Nelson the opportunity to expand seed distribution and help more farmers access improved varieties.Â
Committed to helping local farmers adopt best practices, Nelson is eager to share his knowledge. “When people see how I grow the crops, they often ask for advice or seeds,” he says. He believes that organizing field days to showcase the new varieties would be an excellent way to engage more farmers and demonstrate the value of improved seeds.Â
Nelson prefers the NAROSORG 2 sorghum variety known for its resilience and red grain colour (Photo: Marion Aluoch/CIMMYT)
One of the challenges Nelson frequently encounters is farmerâs poor planting practices. “Some farmers broadcast the seeds instead of planting them properly in rows,” he notes, stressing the importance of correct planting techniques. Despite this, he continues to share seeds and farming knowledge to help his fellow farmers to improve their yields.Â
Another key issue Nelson highlights is seed recycling, a crucial aspect of sustainable farming. “When you recycle seeds too much, they get tired,” he explains. For improved varieties, Nelson recommends recycling seeds no more than three times to maintain the health of the crop. “I recycle mine only twice. The local seeds can be recycled up to 20 times, but improved varieties donât perform as well after a few cycles.”Â
Climate change is one of the biggest challenges for Nelsonâs farming practices, but he remains hopeful. He believes that installing an irrigation system would help mitigate the effects of erratic rainfall and improve his yields. His willingness to try new techniques and experiment with new varieties shows his determination to find solutions in the face of adversity.Â
Nelson is optimistic that his trials with ground nut, sorghum, and millet will encourage other farmers to adopt improved varieties, increase seed production and lead to greater productivity in his village and beyond. Through programs like the AVISA projectâsupported by CIMMYT and NaSARRIâfarmers like Nelson are gaining access to better seeds, growing more resilient crops, and improving food security in their communities.Â
The SKUAST-K Maize Improvement Programme, in collaboration with CIMMYT, is making significant advancements in maize agriculture in Jammu and Kashmir. By developing resilient maize varieties and leveraging cutting-edge research, the programme addresses key challenges such as poor soil nutrition and erratic rainfall. This partnership has not only enhanced maize productivity and climate resilience but also secured substantial funding and facilitated the release of landmark varieties, ultimately contributing to a sustainable maize-based economy in the region.
Australiaâs smallest seed company, Rebel Seeds, has achieved a significant milestone with the Australian Hard classification for Borlaug 100, a wheat variety introduced in 2015 through the CIMMYT-Australia-ICARDA Germplasm Evaluation (CAIGE) project. This classification allows Borlaug 100 to be delivered into H2 segregations at bulk-handling sites across Queensland and northern New South Wales, benefiting local growers with better prices and enhancing its export potential. The success of Borlaug 100 underscores CIMMYT’s crucial role in providing resilient, high-yielding wheat varieties suited to diverse growing conditions globally.
In Central and West Asia and North Africa (CWANA), agri-food systems are under pressure from resource depletion, population growth, and food insecurity. CIMMYT’s work is vital, focusing on sustainable agricultural practices and innovative technology to enhance productivity and resilience. Research and development efforts are critical in addressing the environmental and socio-economic challenges of agriculture in this diverse and dynamic region.
He Zhonghu presents at the Second International Wheat Congress in Beijing. (Photo: Fei Wei/CAAS)
More than 900 experts from 67 countries gathered for the Second International Wheat Congress, which took place from September 12-16 in-person in Beijing and online, to exchange ideas on how to improve the development of the wheat industry around the world, and call for increased global cooperation in the scientific and technological innovation of wheat to guarantee food security.
The International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) was honored to be one of the three organizers of this major world-class event, together with the Crop Science Society of China (CSSC) and the Institute of Crop Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICS-CAAS).
This Congress as part of Wheat Initiative activity was established three years ago after the merger of two important conferences: the International Wheat Genetics Symposium and the International Wheat Conference. On this occasion, with Future Wheat: Resilience and Sustainability as the central theme, key issues included: use of diversity; evolution and germplasm; Triticeae genome structure and functional genomics; breeding and new technologies; crop management under climate change; biotic and abiotic resistance and physiology; and processing quality, nutrition, and human health.
In her capacity as co-host of the congress, Claudia Sadoff, CGIAR Executive Managing Director, stressed that the global partnership between China and CGIAR has been of special importance in strengthening achievements in scientific research.
âThe priority is to increase grain yields, disease resistance, climate resilience, and nutritional quality through breeding modernization,â said Sadoff. âThis is especially important as we are facing a food system crisis, with wheat at its heart. The global food crisis requires a system approach to stabilize wheat supply.â
Bram Govaerts, Director General of CIMMYT, reiterated this point, indicating that “meetings like this can be source of concrete proposals for consolidating enabling partnerships that will lead to the enduring transformation of wheat based agri-food systems worldwideâ.
What’s next for global wheat?
Asking whatâs next is a disturbing question when faced with a crop like wheat that is an important commodity for more than 35% of the world’s population, with global production exceeding 760 million tons in 2020. The same question that Alison Bentley, Director of CIMMYT’s Global Wheat Program, seeks to respond to build future resilience.
âIt is important that we understand where the risks are in our global food system so that we can respond to and address the impacts,â Bentley explained, while presenting a roadmap for future wheat research and development, where food security and nutrition plays a decisive role taking in consideration the effects of climate change and population growth.
Zhonghu He, CIMMYT Distinguished Scientist and Country Representative for China, said, âThanks to the fact that this Congress was a hybrid event, there was a large online participation of researchers, students and representatives of entities from developing countries â a fact that reiterates the importance of the work that we have been doing together and can promote even further in the face of the challenges that we face today in terms of conflict, high cost of living, climate change and COVID-19.â
More than 900 experts from 67 countries united to discuss improved collaboration in wheat research and development. (Photo: Fei Wei/CAAS)
China and CIMMYT
China and CIMMYT have worked side-by-side on wheat and maize research for the past 40 years in areas such as varietal breeding, genomics research, sustainable farming systems, and training. China is the largest wheat producer and consumer in the world, and China has always considered CIMMYT as a strategic win-win partner for wheat research.
These four decades of work are reflected in results, such as the fact that more than 26,000 accessions of wheat preserved in CIMMYTâs genebank were introduced and are stored in China. This has enabled collaborative research on this cereal to add up to 10.7 million tons of grain, worth $3.4 billion USD. It has also enabled more than 200 Chinese scientists and students working in wheat to visit CIMMYTÂŽs global headquarters in Mexico to receive training courses and complete thesis research.
In recognition of the partnership between China and CIMMYT, six wheat varieties derived from CIMMYT germplasm received national awards in China and seven scientists were awarded the China Friendship Award, the highest recognition of international scientists for their contribution to China. In 2016, CIMMYT received the International Science and Technology Cooperation Award from China State Council.
The 3rd International Wheat Congress will be held in Australia in 2024.
As a partner to the GAP Initiative, CIMMYT’s submission to the report is part of the Stories of partnership and productivity growth section. It explores the interdependency and vulnerability of food systems to market shocks and the long-term impacts of these shocks on vulnerable communities, particularly in the Global South.
To build agricultural resilience that can overcome threats of food insecurity and malnutrition, CIMMYT recommends targeted expansion of agricultural production and high levels of investment in research and capacity development.
Tek Sapkota, Agricultural Scientist and System/Climate Change Specialist with CIMMYT’s Sustainable Agrifood Systems (SAS) program, was a speaker at the launch event, which explored the outlook for agricultural productivity growth in the face of conflicts, COVID-19 and climate change. Presenters also examined where agricultural productivity is stagnating or falling and its repercussions for food security and the environment, and how to accelerate sustainable productivity growth at all scales of production.
About the Global Agricultural Productivity Report:
The Global Agricultural Productivity (GAP) Report is a source for productivity data, analysis, and policy recommendations that inspire action. In collaboration with partners in the private sector, NGOs, conservation organizations, universities, and global research institutions, the annual report and year-round engagement provides a roadmap toward progress.
Empty shelfs in a Swiss grocery store. Photo Boris Dunand/Unsplash
The conflict in Ukraine has had a deeply destabilizing effect on the global wheat trade, causing unprecedented price volatility and uncertainty. As my colleagues and I have previously highlighted, the unintended consequences are likely to have outsized impacts on livelihoods in the Global South.
As the G7 group of nations recently acknowledged in a joint statement, the conflict is leading to steep price rises and increasing global food insecurity for millions, especially those most vulnerable, such as women and children.
In a new paper published in Nature Food, scientists and partners of the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) present a package of applied solutions to respond to the crisis and ensure future wheat stability.
To stem the potential food crisis, food is needed in more places, and faster.
Recently announced talks between Russia, Turkey, Ukraine and the United Nations, among other negotiations, are already underway as part of this international effort to develop short-term solutions.
However, at present we are seeing the brakes applied in several places. For example, in India century-high temperature extremes have recently reduced official wheat production estimates by 6 percent, leading to reduced export potential. This shows the compounding effect of climatic instability on global wheat markets, an impact that is expected to worsen over time.
In our solutions agenda, we propose a package of short-, medium- and longer-term actions and urge immediate and sustained support for shockproofing major food security staple crops, including wheat.
In the short term, the priority is mitigation of food security shocks through boosting production in existing high- and low-productivity areas, ensuring access to grain, and making use of flour substitution.
In the medium term, we must increase the local, regional, and global resilience of wheat supply through targeted expansion (within agro-ecological boundaries), support for self-sufficiency, comprehensive technical support in production systems, and mainstreamed crop monitoring capacity.
In the longer term, the transition to agri-food system resilience will need to encompass agroecosystem diversity, address gender disparities in agriculture and rural communities, and sustain an increased investment in a holistic, agri-food transition.
Conflict is being waged on wheat on multiple fronts: on battlefields, in the political arena and by our changing climate. Together these factors interact and amplify the threat to staple wheat production. To address this complexity, we now need to move beyond defining the problem to implementing practical action to ensure stable supply.
Representatives from CGIAR leadership, CGIAR Centers, government and other stakeholders stand for a group photo during the launch of the AgriLAC Resiliente Initiative in Guatemala City. (Photo: CGIAR)
Latin America and the Caribbean possess the largest reserve of arable land on the planet, 30% of renewable water, 46% of tropical forests and 30% of biodiversity. These resources represent an important contribution to the world’s food supply and other ecosystem services. However, climate change and natural disasters, exacerbated by COVID-19, have deteriorated economic and food security, destabilizing communities and causing unprecedented migration, impacting not only the region but the entire world.
Against this regional backdrop, AgriLAC Resiliente was created. This CGIAR Initiative seeks to increase the resilience, sustainability and competitiveness of the region’s agrifood systems and actors. It aims to equip them to meet urgent food security needs, mitigate climate hazards, stabilize communities vulnerable to conflict and reduce forced migration.
Guatemala was selected to present this Initiative, which will also impact farmers in Colombia, El Salvador, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua and Peru, and will be supported by national governments, the private sector, civil society, and regional and global donors and partners.
At a workshop on June 27â28, 2022, in Guatemala City, partners consolidated their collaboration by presenting the Initiative and developing a regional roadmap. Workshop participants included representatives from the government of Guatemala, NGOs, international cooperation programs, the private sector, producer associations, and other key stakeholders from the host country. Also at the workshop were the leaders from CGIAR research Centers involved in the Initiative, such as the Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), the International Potato Center (CIP) and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
JoaquĂn Lozano, CGIAR Regional Director for Latin America and the Caribbean, presents during the launch of the AgriLAC Resiliente Initiative. (Photo: CGIAR)
Impact through partnerships
“Partnerships are the basis for a future of food security for all through the transformation of food systems in the context of a climate crisis. AgriLACâs goal of a coordinated strategy and regional presence will facilitate strong joint action with partners, donors, and producers, and ensure that CGIAR science continues to be leveraged so that it has the greatest possible impact,” said JoaquĂn Lozano, CGIAR Regional Director for Latin America and the Caribbean.
This Initiative is one of many CGIAR Initiatives in Latin America and consists of five research components: Climate and nutrition that seeks to use collaborative innovations for climate resilient and nutritious agrifood systems; Digital agriculture through the use of digital and inclusive tools for the creation of actionable knowledge; Low-emission competitiveness focused on agroecosystems, landscapes and value chains that are low in sustainable emissions; Innovation and scaling with the Innova-Hubs network for agrifood innovations and scaling; and finally, Science for timely decision making and establishment of policies, institutions, and investments for resilient, competitive and low-emission agrifood systems.
“We know the important role that smallholder farmers, both women and men, will play in the appropriation of the support tools that the Initiative will offer, which will allow them to make better decisions for the benefit of their communities. That is why one of the greatest impacts we expect from the project will be the contribution to gender equality, the creation of opportunities for youth, and the promotion of social inclusion,” said Carolina GonzĂĄlez, leader of the Initiative, from the Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT.
Bram Govaerts, Director General of CIMMYT, said: “In Guatemala, we have had the opportunity to work side by side with farmers who today, more than ever, face the vicious circle of conflict, poverty and climate change. Through this Initiative, we hope to continue making progress in the transformation of agrifood systems in Central America, helping to make agriculture a dignified and satisfying job and a source of prosperity for the region’s producers.â
“I realize the importance of implementing strategic actions designed to improve the livelihoods of farmers. The environmental impact of development without sustainable planning puts at risk the wellbeing of humanity. The Initiatives of this workshop contribute to reducing the vulnerability of both productive systems and farmers and their families. This is an ideal scenario to strengthen alliances that allow for greater impact and respond to the needs of the country and the region,” said Jose Angel Lopez, Guatemalaâs Minister of Agriculture, Livestock and Food.
Bram Govaerts, Director General of CIMMYT (right), presents during the launch of the AgriLAC Resiliente Initiative. (Photo: CGIAR)
National and regional strategies
AgriLAC Resiliente will also be presented in Honduras, where national partners will learn more about the Initiative and its role in achieving a resilient, sustainable, and competitive Latin America and the Caribbean, that will enable it to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals.
Under the general coordination of CGIAR, other Initiatives are also underway in Guatemala that will synergize with the global research themes toward the transformation of more resilient agrifood systems.
“We are committed to providing a structure that responds to national and regional priorities, needs, and demands. The support of partners, donors and producers will be key to building sustainable and more efficient agrifood systems,” Lozano said.
About CGIAR
CGIAR is a global research partnership for a food-secure future, dedicated to transforming food, land, and water systems in a climate crisis. Its research is carried out by 13 CGIAR Centers/Alliances in close collaboration with hundreds of partners, including national and regional research institutes, civil society organizations, academia, development organizations and the private sector. www.cgiar.org
We would like to thank all Funders who support this research through their contributions to the CGIAR Trust Fund.
About the Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT
The Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) delivers research-based solutions that address the global crises of malnutrition, climate change, biodiversity loss, and environmental degradation. The Alliance focuses on the nexus of agriculture, nutrition and environment. We work with local, national, and multinational partners across Africa, Asia, and Latin America and the Caribbean, and with the public and private sectors and civil society. With novel partnerships, the Alliance generates evidence and mainstreams innovations to transform food systems and landscapes so that they sustain the planet, drive prosperity, and nourish people in a climate crisis.
The International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) is an international nonprofit agricultural research and training organization that empowers farmers through science and innovation to nourish the world in the midst of a climate crisis. Applying high-quality science and strong partnerships, CIMMYT works toward a world with healthier, more prosperous people, freedom from global food crises, and more resilient agrifood systems. CIMMYT’s research brings higher productivity and better profits to farmers, mitigates the effects of the climate crisis, and reduces the environmental impact of agriculture.
The International Potato Center (CIP) was founded in 1971 as a research-for-development organization with a focus on potato, sweetpotato and andean roots and tubers. It delivers innovative science-based solutions to enhance access to affordable nutritious food, foster inclusive sustainable business and employment growth, and drive the climate resilience of root and tuber agrifood systems. Headquartered in Lima, Peru, CIP has a research presence in more than 20 countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) provides research-based policy solutions to sustainably reduce poverty and end hunger and malnutrition in developing countries. IFPRI currently has more than 600 employees working in over 50 countries. Global, regional, and national food systems face major challenges and require fundamental transformations. IFPRI is focused on responding to these challenges through a multidisciplinary approach to reshape food systems so they work for all people sustainably.
Introducing mechanization services in any smallholder farming community has proven to yield multiple benefits largely aimed at increasing farming efficiency but importantly creating a solid economic base to boost farmer incomes. Anchored on the two-wheel tractor along with implements for land preparation, planting, harvesting, shelling, transporting, appropriate-scale mechanization has in the last seven years gained currency across African farming households.
Interventions such as the mechanization pilot implemented by the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) provide a channel through which smallholder farmers with access to some financial resources can invest to become a viable enterprise. Â The aim of this intervention is not to make every farmer own its own machinery, which would be costly and inefficient, but to train farmers to become service providers to other community members. This model has been effectively tried before in other places under the Farm Mechanization and Conservation Agriculture for Sustainable Intensification (FACASI) project.
A recent visit to two service providers in southern Zimbabwe, demonstrates the high returns on investment achieved through enrolling in mechanization service provision.
Two service providers, one vision: Profit
Julius Shava (53) and Prince Chimema (22), shared their experience in offering diverse transporting and land preparation services using the two-wheel tractor, trailer, direct seeder, and sheller procured through the initiative. Â Narrating how he learnt about the mechanization pilot and his subsequent enrolment, Shava explains how potential service providers had to make a financial commitment to the business before accessing the equipment.
âThrough this mechanization business model, we would receive a two-wheel tractor, trailer, sheller, and seeder worth USD5,000, at a subsidized price of $USD2,500. The main condition for accessing this package was to pay a commitment fee of USD500 – there was no way I could let that opportunity slip away,â explains Shava.
âMy wife and I decided to sell two cows to raise the funds and made the payment. Some community members were initially skeptical of the approach when it seemed that the consignment was delayed yet when the two-wheel tractor arrived, they were among the first to inquire about the services I was offering,â Shava adds.
âI made sure they all understood what I could provide for them using the 2WT and trailer such as land preparation and transportation – of manure, gravel stones and pit sand among other things.â
The multipurpose trailer with a loading capacity of up to one and a half tonnes can be attached to the two-wheel tractor for the provision of transport services. (S.Chikulo/CIMMYT)
Shava and Chimema are among fifteen service providers leading in the mechanization pilot initiative launched in July 2020 in Masvingo district. The initiative is supported by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) and managed by the World Food Program (WFP). The private sector machinery company Kurima Machinery facilitates provision of the two-wheel tractor, planter, trailer and sheller while the Zimbabwe Agriculture Trust (ZADT) manages the lease-to-own business model anchoring the mechanization pilot to the financial sector.
Counting the cost and returns
âHow much turnover does a service provider realise on average?â is a question frequently asked by other farmers keen to take up the enterprise.
Shava explains the factors he considers, âWhen someone is hiring my services, I charge according to the distance and load to be transported.â For example, for a 200m delivery radius, I can charge USD5. However, for land preparation and ploughing, I charge USD100 per hectare.â He quickly adds that he also factors in his labor, fuel requirements and time into the final price of his service â a principle he learnt during a specialized technical and business training provided by Gwebi College of Agriculture for the mechanization pilot.
In addition, using the two-wheel tractor is efficient as a hectare is completed in about one hour where an animal drawn plough takes up to six hours or more, depending on the soil type. The reduced drudgery allows farmers to rest their livestock and adopt more efficient and sustainable land preparation technologies. Shava notes that these advantages are immediately apparent to farmers who seek the service.
Customers often pay in cash which is convenient for him as he saves the money or uses some of it to meet expenses related to the service provision. âSo far I have reached up to 7 customers after two months from the Nemamwa area in Ward 12 of Masvingo and they were seeking different services. âFor land preparation they were paying USD100 per hectare. In Ward 8, I managed to get about three customers.
âWhen it comes to pricing, I leave room for negotiation because it is inevitable that customers will always ask for a discount, but I ensure that I do not incur losses.â Since venturing into mechanization service provision, Shava has realized a gross income of USD$600 before deducting expenses such as fuel and regular maintenance. However, the two-wheel tractor is fuel efficient – utilizing at least seven liters of diesel per hectare. Diesel fuel is purchased in Masvingo town or from informal markets at the business center at a cost of USD1 per liter.
Young service providers making their mark
Service providers such as Prince Chimema, who are young, energetic and business minded are also among those quickly realizing the high returns on the small mechanization investment. Coming from a family of seven, Chimema – recently married and with a two-year old child – has found a secure income stream in service provision of different mechanization services.
âI am grateful for the financial support from my parents that enabled me to enroll into the mechanization pilot program,â says Chimeme. Like Shava, Chimemaâs parents sold two cows to raise the USD500 commitment fee. Soon, Chimema was approaching his relatives and neighbors in the community demonstrating the transporting, planting and land preparation services that he could provide. âSome of my customers would have seen me delivering manure or quarry stones to another household before requesting for my services; that is how my customer base has increased steadily.â
When pricing, Chimema considers the distance, fuel and time it will take to deliver the load. âIn this area, requests are for transporting manure, quarry stones, pit sand and river sand. The price ranges from USD4 â USD8 per load. While most villagers pay in cash, a few may request to pay in kind using chickens,â
Chimemaâs marketing strategy has been to push volumes by advertising his transporting services to other farmers outside of Ward 18. To date, he has focused on clients requiring transportation services. In Wards 18 and 19, Chimema has served a total of 60 customers, generating USD400 within the first two months of commencing the business.
Challenges and early lessons
Venturing into small mechanized service provision has not been without its challenges as attested by Chimema and Shava, âA lesson I learnt from the onset is never to overload the trailer beyond the recommended capacity,â explains Chimema. âDuring the mechanization training, we were advised that the trailerâs maximum carrying capacity is between 750-1000kg but at times I could overlook this leading to faults developing on my tractor,â says Prince.
Fuel access also presents challenges at times. âWe have to get fuel from Masvingo because the quality of fuel here in the ward may be compromised while the price is slightly inflated because of the middlemen selling the fuel.
The delay in delivery of tractor-drawn direct seeders reduced the potential number of customers for both Chimema and Shava for planting services, as most farmers had proceeded to plant given the early onset of the rainy season. However, both service providers are hopeful that in the next season, with all the equipment in place, they can provide the full range of services to fellow smallholders.
Continuous improvement of the technology by including a toolbar is currently underway, which eases the level of effort required to operate the two-wheel tractor, making it more flexible for the service providers.
Twenty-two-year-old Prince Chimema of Ward 18 Masvingo district demonstrating the two-row direct seeder attached to the two-wheel tractor. (S.Chikulo/CIMMYT)
A vision for expansion and rural transformation
Chimema and Shava are optimistic about the future growth and performance of their business. Both aspire to expand their service provision over the coming five years by purchasing a second two-wheel tractor and creating employment for other villagers. âThe income for the second two-wheel tractor should be generated from the current businessâ explains Shava.
In addition to the land preparation and transporting services, the maize sheller is set to increase their income. With a shelling capacity of 3-4 tons per day, the maize sheller significantly reduces the amount of time and effort required to shell a ton of maize manually (12.5 days).
âThe priority now is to make sure that the loan repayment happens smoothly because I am generating enough income to pay back up for my package,â explains Shava. Once the payment is done, Shava would like to set up a borehole and drip irrigation system for their family plot and complete construction of his house in Masvingo town.
Chimema, on the other hand, is keen to start a poultry project. He is currently assisting his parents to pay school fees for his younger sibling but believes the poultry project will increase his income stream. âAs I broadcast and market my services by word of mouth and through mobile platform messages; there is room for me to expand beyond Ward 18 and 19,â says Chimema. âI hope to employ at least two more people in the coming two or three years, to help me deliver the services to other farmers,â he adds.
âWith the business experience gained from the current season, small mechanization service providers such as Chimema and Shava can increase the portfolio of services to customersâ, says Christian Thierfelder, Principal Scientist at CIMMYT, leading the effort. âFor example, at planting stage, service providers could provide a complete package for farmers including seed and fertilizer as well as a supply of appropriate herbicides for weed control as part of the land preparation and direct seeding service. Such an offering increases the value of the service and affords farmers the opportunity to witness the full benefits of small mechanized agricultureâ, Thierfelder says.
âWe have to provide farmers with options to abandon the hoe. The drudgery of farming has made this profession so unattractive that a rural exodus is looming. Providing business, employment and entrepreneurship will bring back hope and will lead to a true rural and agriculture transformation in Zimbabwe.â The high return on investment of the mechanized package makes it a viable year-round business option for farmers and entrepreneurs in rural Masvingo. The pilot is providing a proof of concept that this model works, even under low-potential environments.
Cover photo: Julius Shava and his wife standing at their lease-to-own two-wheel tractor which is part of the starter package for small-mechanization service providers in Masvingo District. (S.Chikulo/CIMMYT)
Amidst the transition to One CGIAR and COVID-19 lockdowns, the worldâs leading maize and wheat research organizationâs community found the time to slow down and weigh the successes and bottlenecks of this complicated year. More than 400 people spread across the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centerâs (CIMMYT) 13 offices worldwide gathered for an all-staff virtual event to close 2020.
Aided by world-renowned economist Jeffrey Sachsâ vast experience in detangling global crises, sustainable development and poverty alleviation, staff reflected on the role they play within CGIAR and in helping CIMMYT increase its impact on nutrition security, poverty alleviation and a better world.
Connecting from his home in New York, Sachs urged CGIAR to see beyond the research priorities it set out to accomplish a half a century ago. With the 50th anniversary of CGIAR in 2021, Sachs encouraged CGIAR to think about the research priorities for the next 50 years. âWe’re confronting a probably more systemic and even more complex set of challenges in food in 2021, than perhaps was the case in 1971,â he said.
âWe need to expand the research agenda beyond the still-important focus on improved yields and varieties to consider the food system holistically. Our goal is a global food system that enables healthy diets, sustainable land use, resilience to environmental change, and good livelihoods for farm families.â
âOur goal is a global food system that enables healthy diets, sustainable land use, resilience to environmental change, and good livelihoods for farm families.â
Albeit not as famous as its colleague organizations the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO) and the World Food Programme (WFP), CGIAR has been called âessential to feeding our futureâ by Bill Gates. Sachs echoed this sentiment and urged CGIAR to embrace its vital role in âachieving sustainable agriculture and healthy diets for all.â
The next 50 years
As CIMMYT moves into One CGIAR, it will capitalize on its over 50 years of experience, impact and expertise in genetic innovations, systems transformation and tools for resilient agri-food systems and fully embrace One CGIARâs mission of delivering science and innovation that advance transformation of food, land and water systems in a climate crisis.
Throughout 2020, COVID-19 and global conflicts have put an almost impossible pressure on already overwhelmed agricultural production, smallholdersâ livelihoods and global supply chains. As with any system, it requires resilience for its long-term sustainability. âOf course, CGIARâs central goal has been to anticipate the future needs of food production and areas of new resilience such as flood resilience or drought,â said Sachs.
âI would add [for its future strategy to also consider] resilience to social disruptions and disruptions to global supply chains, as we experience with COVID-19 but also with geopolitical tensions,â he advised.
Jeffery Sachs quoted at CIMMYT’s virtual event in December 2020. (Graphic: CIMMYT)
Keeping cereals in the equation
While diversification is important to human diets and the sustainability of agricultural production, we cannot afford to ignore the major cereals. Maize, rice and wheat provide a basic nutritional value, macro- and micronutrients that many people across the globe can afford and access.
Sachs asked CGIAR to look deeply at the question of poverty and food poverty, both in rural and urban areas. âCGIAR has more knowledge of how smallholders are living and how their lives are changing than any other research institution in the world. And I think your work can therefore give tremendous guidance on the overall fight against poverty and on the anticipation of increased urbanization in future years, as agriculture becomes more mechanized, and as smallholders or the children of today’s smallholders leave for urban areas in the coming generation.â
âCGIAR has more knowledge of how smallholders are living and how their lives are changing than any other research institution in the world. And I think your work can therefore give tremendous guidance on the overall fight against poverty.â
Sachs acknowledged the large and important task that CGIAR faces in its future. âAll of this is incredibly difficult. [âŠ] I find the food system challenges to be the most complex of all of the sustainability challenges we face.â
He spoke of the task at hand with urgency and that there is no greater intellectual challenge than the transformation to sustainable agriculture: âThe role of the CGIAR will be unique and indispensable in helping to guide us through those transformations. I think this is the indispensable time for the CGIAR to lay out its new research agenda for the next 50 years to be the one that helps us to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Climate Agreement.â
A new small-mechanization pilot initiative launched in July is equipping farmers with the business and technical skills they need to provide mechanization services to communities in six wards of Masvingo district, Zimbabwe.
With funding from the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) managed by the United Nations World Food Program (WFP), the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) is leading implementation of the pilot in collaboration with Kurima Machinery and the Zimbabwe Agriculture Development Trust (ZADT), who are supporting the technical training and financial management, respectively.
Anchored on a strong business model, 15 farmers have signed up to become service providers and invested an initial deposit of $500 to access the mechanization package comprising a two-wheel tractor and trailer, a direct planter and a maize cob sheller. Through a âlease-to-ownâ credit facility, eligible service providers will have 24 months to pay the remaining balance for the set of equipment.
âThis approach addresses re-payment challenges in past interventions, where equipment was distributed without a firm commitment from the service providers and without putting in enough effort to establish a viable business,â says Christian Thierfelder, a cropping systems agronomist at CIMMYT. âAn advantage of this new form of financial commitment by the service providers is that it guarantees full participation and a change in their perception towards farming as a business.â
Since 2013, smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe have been exposed to the benefits of combining small-mechanization with conservation farming systems to improve productivity â land preparation, planting and harvesting to achieve higher yields while reducing production costs. Besides making farming tasks more efficient for individuals, this set of equipment can be used to provide critical services to other farmers in their wards.
The two-wheel tractor can have various implements attached to it for services such as planting, transportation and shelling. It can also be used to run other important implements such as water pumps, mills or threshers.
This mechanization pilot therefore presents an additional pathway out of poverty and into sustainable production and income generation at household level, while boosting the local economy and rural employment in Masvingo district.
Service providers, extension officers and CIMMYT staff pose for a group photo after completing a training course at Gwebi Agricultural College, Zimbabwe. (Photo: Shiela Chikulo/CIMMYT)
Training for local service provision
Eligible service providers were recently invited to attend a one-week specialized business and technical training course at Gwebi Agricultural College, just outside of Harare. The training package consisted of two main components: business management; and two-wheel tractor operation, maintenance and repair.
Elliot Zvovovo, a participating service provider, explains how the balanced training approach equipped him fully with all the knowledge and skills he needs to run his business. âI learned different ways of record keeping, managing income and treating my clients professionally,â he says.
âOn the machinery side, I learned about of all the parts of a two-wheel tractor and practiced assembling the engine so that maintenance and repair will be easy for me.â
Julius Shava, another participating service provider, agrees, adding that knowing how to maintain the two-wheel tractor and troubleshooting will also minimize costs of hiring external mechanics to attend to faults. âI realized the importance of routine checks for oil and water levels, how to crank-start the tractor and hitch the planter all by myself.â
Supporting agricultural extension in line with service providers is critical to mainstreaming transformational change in rural areas. As such, seven local extension officers â key partners in the implementation of small-mechanization activities â were also invited to participate in the training.
âThe training proved to be very effective, particularly the emphasis on mastering business principles and on the technical side, integrating service providersâ existing knowledge of conservation farming with small-mechanization,â says Canaan Zhakata, an extension officer for Ward 15.
Through the practical sessions, all service providers have now learned how to operate a two-wheel tractor, calibrate the direct planter for seed and fertilizer rates and use the sheller â giving them full technical skills and knowledge,â explains Dorcas Matangi, a research associate at CIMMYT.
The certification they have received will increase farmersâ confidence as they return to Masvingo to commence service delivery, with continued on-site support from their local extension officers. âOnce we return to Masvingo, we can assist the new service providers by monitoring their service delivery to ensure full compliance with the technical requirements for operating the machinery,â says Tsvakai Dumbu, an extension officer for Ward 17.
A service provider starts a two-wheel tractor while other participants look on at a training at Gwebi Agricultural College, Zimbabwe. (Photo: Shiela Chikulo/CIMMYT)
A profitable business for the local economy
This mechanization pilot is poised for success as it draws on existing positive results gained by the women and youth service providers in western Zimbabwe, who are running successful mechanized enterprises following the recently completed Farm Mechanization and Conservation Agriculture for Sustainable Intensification (FACASI) project.
âDuring a recent seed fair, we heard of a youth group in Makonde that is making up to $7,000 just from maize shelling services,â says Zvovovo. âKnowing that it takes just one day to shell up to three tons of maize with the sheller, I now know that reaching such an income is achievable.â
This pilot will prove that there is scope for small-mechanization to expand on productivity through the two-wheel tractor, trailer and sheller, as shown in other parts of eastern and southern Africa. It will explore leverages on the opportunities and demand for services in Masvingo.
Cover image:Â An extension officer from Masvingo district drives a two-wheel tractor during a training for service providers and extension officers at Gwebi Agricultural College, Zimbabwe. (Photo: Shiela Chikulo/CIMMYT)
