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Location: China

Ken Sayre receives award from China

The Ningxia provincial government honored CIMMYT Agronomist Ken Sayre with the Liupanshan award on 05 December in recognition of the center’s contribution to promoting conservation agriculture in Ningxia province, China. Liupanshan is the most famous historical site of Ningxia province and the Liupanshan Award recognizes scientists from other countries who have made significant contributions to economic and social development in the province. Sayre has frequently traveled to Ningxia in the last 10 years to promote bed planting and conservation agriculture in the dryland area and has also helped introduce the associated technology and machinery from India to Ningxia. Congratulations!

Ravi Singh receives awards from Sichuan and Yunnan Provinces

On November 21, 2008, Ravi Singh, CIMMYT distinguished scientist and wheat breeder, received the Jinding Award from Sichuan Provincial Government, China, in recognition of CIMMYT’s contribution to wheat production through shuttle breeding and training. Mr Wei Hong, Provincial Vice Governor, presented the award to Singh.

The Jinding Award is the highest honor from Sichuan Province and is designed to recognize scientists from other countries who have made significant contributions to economic and social development. Wheat is a leading crop in Sichuan, with around 1.4 million hectares of harvested area annually. The CIMMYT Global Wheat Program (GWP) has enjoyed a fruitful collaboration with Sichuan Province for the last 20 years, and more than 15 wheat varieties derived from CIMMYT germplasm are commercially released. In 2002 former GWP Director Sanjaya Rajaram also received the Jinding Award. In November 2008, Singh also received the Yuncai Award from Yunnan province in recognition of his contributions to wheat production in the Province. Congratulations!

Mini-symposium on maize molecular breeding at CIMMYT

More than 40 maize scientists gathered for a mini-symposium on maize molecular breeding on 24 November 2008 at El Batán. Participants came from CIMMYT; the University of Chapingo; the Colegio de Postgraduados (Mexico); the Mexican National Institute of Forestry, Agriculture, and Livestock Research (INIFAP); the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS); and the China Agricultural University. Organized by the Maize Molecular Breeding Program, the symposium was titled: Where are we and where are we heading? Kevin Pixley, associate director of the Global Maize Program, opened the symposium and also helped to organize it.

“It’s important for the center to know where it stands on maize molecular breeding compared to advances being made in the very competitive public and private sectors,” says Yunbi Xu, CIMMYT maize molecular breeder who chaired the event. “The symposium helped us to see which direction we need to head in and will hopefully enable us to strengthen our collaboration with scientists in our host country.”

A total of 14 presentations contributed by 10 speakers, each followed by brief discussions, focused on molecular breeding tools, maize quality traits, drought tolerance, simulation, and bioinformatics. Participants also learned about wheat molecular breeding at CIMMYT. “It gave a good overview of the practical applications and limitations of molecular breeding,” said Abel Gil Muñoz, professor at the Colegio de Postgraduados. Graham McLaren, principal scientist in the Generation Challenge Program (GCP)observed that, “It was also a good chance for the breeders to see what is available and for me in the GCP to see where we can support the adoption and advancement of molecular breeding technologies.”

Many of the participants said they would like to attend more meetings such as this one. “We hope to have a maize molecular breeding symposium once a year and to also include speakers from the private sector,” said Xu.

Special thanks to all the speakers and to Raman Babu, GREU maize molecular breeding consultant who presented three talks.

CIMMYT strengthens collaboration with China

CIMMYT DG Tom Lumpkin had a successful visit to China during 16-17 October, signing agreements with the China Scholarship Council (CSC) and China Agricultural University (CAU). Starting in 2009, CSC will sponsor ten postgraduate students and visiting scientists to come to CIMMYT for collaborative research stays ranging from 6 to 24 months.

The scholarship includes international travel costs, insurance, and living allowance, and will increase CIMMYT’s training capacity for China. The agreement with CAU cemented a collaborative maize research program focusing on genomics, transgenics, germplasm exchange, bioinformatics, and conservation agriculture technologies. This collaborative program will create synergies between the two institutions in these five areas and also in agronomy and soil science, since CAU is a leading agricultural university specializing in maize and conservation agriculture.

Lumpkin also met Dr Zhai Huqu and Tang Huajun, President and Vice president, respectively, of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, and Ma Xinglin, DDG of the International Collaboration Department from the Ministry of Science and Technology, and discussed the possibility of establishing a regional center for CIMMYT in China. To advance this ambitious plan for a strong CIMMYT-China partnership, Lumpkin is planning a follow-up visit for early 2009.

China Friendship Award for José Luis Araus

CIMMYT maize physiologist José Luis Araus received the prestigious China Friendship Award on 27 September 2008. A subsequent official reception took place with the Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao. The award is given every year since 1991 to foreign experts in diverse disciplines contributing to China development. Araus has worked for several years in a consultancy for a Chinese Seed Company based in Henan Province (Center of China, in the Yellow River Valley) to increase cereal yield potential.

José Luis Araus (left) with Ji Yunshi, DG State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs.

Conservation agriculture course at El Batán

Between 26 May and 27 June 2008 CIMMYT El Batán hosted a five-week course in conservation agriculture (CA) for visiting scientists, entitled “Laying the ground for sustainable and productive cropping systems.” The eight participants came from China, Ethiopia, and Romania for intensive training in CA and resource conserving technologies in irrigated and rainfed wheat and maize production systems, including reduced tillage and crop residue management strategies.

Many CIMMYT specialists contributed to the course: “It was a very holistic approach, with diverse content from a number of disciplines—from breeders, soil specialists, agronomists, crop protection people, and so on,” said Tesfay Araya, from Ethiopia. He will be the first conservation agriculture specialist in northern Ethiopia, and is keen to introduce this interdisciplinary way of working. “I saw people here working together with good communication,” he said. “That’s the most important thing, and it’s very unique. It’s one lesson I learned.”

Another important element of the course was hands-on learning: the trainees participated in the ongoing activities of CIMMYT’s Cropping Systems Management team at El Batán and at the Toluca research station, and in nearby farmers’ fields, developing the skills for trial planning, management, and monitoring. Each participant also had to define a clear research objective and draft a paper during the course, and the results will be combined in a special publication. “We learned skills in publishing, writing, reviewing data…we didn’t miss anything,” said Tesfay Araya.

For Zhang Bin, from China, seeing the way CIMMYT researchers communicated with farmers was food for thought: “maybe we can do more to transfer conservation agriculture,” he said. “When I go back I will do research on conservation agriculture, and if I have good results I will demonstrate it to farmers and try to transfer the technology to them.”Between 1996 and 2008 over 30 visiting scientists and 86 trainees from 26 countries participated in long-term courses and research on zero-tillage and bed planting conducted at CIMMYT’s El Batán and Obregón research stations in Mexico.

(Source: Training Office databases.)

Bright times ahead: summary from the Board meetings

CIMMYT Board of Trustee meetings of 06-09 April 2008 ended on a high note, with a presentation to Staff from the Chair of the Board, Lene Lange. Lene began by welcoming CIMMYT’s newest Board member and in-coming Chair of the Audit Committee, Tom McKay, and bidding a fond farewell to the Committee’s outgoing Chair, Edwina Cornish.

She also spoke enthusiastically about new Director General Tom Lumpkin and the sense of direction and energy he will bring to CIMMYT. She welcomed his emphasis on building on respect for staff to make CIMMYT a great place to work—attracting, recruiting, and retaining high quality staff, particularly female scientists, and maintaining high morale.

“CIMMYT is so important for the world that we need the very best,” said Lene, and staff need to be happy and motivated to be able to give their very best. It will take time, she said, but “it looks like we are getting up and setting up for really good times, where we will have leadership and at the same time build on consultation and transparency.”

Lene spoke of the challenging times facing the center and the need and opportunities for change, including CGIAR reforms, improving CIMMYT’s relevance, responding to the changing funding landscape, and implementation of a new intellectual property rights policy.

On the topic of stronger and broader partnerships, Lene spoke of making efforts to better explain and document CIMMYT’s value for Mexico and Mexican farmers and fighting for the best possible conditions, as well as fostering new collaborations with Mexican institutions. She also discussed the importance of improving and sustaining relationships with strong developing-country NARS such as India and China, and CIMMYT’s potential to act as a broker leveraging their research for the benefit of the poor of the wider world.

Lene ended by emphasizing the need for good internal communication, with dialogue between the Board and the NRS and IRS Committees, and recognizing CIMMYT staff in Kenya and Zimbabwe for their excellent work under difficult conditions. Finally, she thanked her fellow Board members and discussed future appointments, including maintaining a strong representation of women and members with a scientific background, and seeking connections with China. “It is a privilege and an honor to serve on the Board of CIMMYT, and we are doing our very best,” she said.

This was Lene’s final Board meeting at El Batán, and Julio Berdegué, Vice-Chair of the Board, spoke of her as both forceful and flexible, with a clear idea of where she wants to go but always willing to listen and build consensus. “She is a person who sees opportunities where many of us see a crisis,” he said. He recognized Lene’s many achievements, particularly building a cohesive, high-performing Board that CIMMYT can be proud of, and leading the transition in CIMMYT’s leadership.

In his closing talk, Tom Lumpkin spoke of making Mexico a partner rather than a client, and reassessing CIMMYT’s relevance to Mexico and Latin America as well as many other places in the world. He reflected on the globalized food economy and the need for a new, more flexible approach building on the ideas and knowledge within CIMMYT.

“We have a fabulous mission and…opportunities to take on some of the greatest challenges the world is facing,” he said. “Let’s work together, let’s rebuild, reshape this place, and a couple of years from now let’s look back and see a CIMMYT that’s got even more passion, and that’s busting at the seams with new people and new ideas and new activities.”

Visit of VIP from the Chinese Embassy

Mr. Qingqing Zhao, head of Science and Technology issues in the Chinese Embassy in Mexico, visited CIMMYT on 29 January 2008 to broaden his knowledge of China and CIMMYT’s long-time, fruitful partnerships. This was his first visit, and fulfilled an intention he’d had since his arrival in Mexico in September 2007. Zhao was welcomed by Director General Masa Iwanaga, and also met with staff including Thomas Payne, Kevin Pixley, Erika Meng, Peter Ninnes, and Suketoshi Taba to learn more about China-CIMMYT collaboration and discuss how the Chinese Embassy can support the efforts. Highlights of his tour of the facilities included the germplasm bank and the Applied Biotechnology Center, and he also met with CIMMYT staff from China: Huixia Wu, Jianbing Yan, Shibin Gao, Xiaoyun Li, and Yunbi Xu.

CIMMYT researcher helps find cheaper way to Vitamin-A enhanced maize

In a development reported this week in Science magazine and which could enhance the nutritional status of millions of people in developing countries, a team of plant geneticists and crop scientists including CIMMYT’s Jianbing Yan pioneered an economical approach to boost levels of provitamin A in maize. ‘Provitamin A’ describes substances that are converted to vitamin A upon consumption. The team showed that variation at the lycopene epsilon cyclase (lcyE) locus—favorable alleles of which can be selected using molecular markers—controls biosynthesis pathways for Vitamin A precursors in maize.

Vitamin A deficiency is a leading cause of eye disease and other health disorders in the developing world. Some 40 million children are afflicted with eye disease, and another 250 million suffer with health problems resulting from a lack of dietary vitamin A. Selecting for provitamin A in maize normally involves expensive lab analyses, so the ability to use DNA markers for this purpose should reduce costs significantly.

“I played a very small part in the study, and more work needs to be done” says Yan, who came to CIMMYT in October 2006 from the China Agricultural University, Beijing. “I helped to re-confirm the markers and fix some tables.” According to Yan, molecular markers associated with lcyE are being used in several institutes around the world, including CIMMYT, for breeding to enhance the vitamin A value of maize. He will give a seminar at El Batán on Monday, 21 January in B115 at 3:30.

Two important wheat workshops as part of China-CIMMYT collaboration

The Chinese National Wheat Quality Conference, jointly organized by the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science (CAAS), the Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), and CIMMYT, was held in Beijing on 13 to 14 December. The program covered market needs and quality improvement, biotechnology applications, quality testing, the development of high-quality varieties, and crop management. In addition to 150 Chinese participants from more than 20 provinces, Roberto Javier Peña and Erika Meng from CIMMYT, Rudi Appels from Australia, and Peter Shwery and Huw Jones from Rothamsted Research were invited to talk on global wheat quality, the health grain project, and wheat transformation.

This is a continuation of CIMMYT-China joint efforts in promoting Chinese wheat quality. Zhonghu He, CIMMYT representative in China, talked about Chinese wheat quality and future trends. More than 8 wheat quality workshops and conferences, including the Sino-Australia Wheat Quality Conference (2002) and International Wheat Quality Conference (2004), with a total of more than 1,000 participants, have been organized by CAAS and CIMMYT during the last 10 years.

The Sino-UK Wheat Workshop, jointly organized by the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Rothamsted Research, and CIMMYT, was held in Beijing on 10 to 11 December. It was coordinated by Zhonghu He, CIMMYT Representative in China, and Peter Shwery from Rothamsted Research. They were more than 40 participants, including 20 from Rothamsted Research, UK, the National Institute of Agricultural Botany, John Innes Center, and University of Nottingham, along with participants from 6 Chinese institutes. The presentations covered breeding technologies, sustainability and yield, grain development and quality, and plant pathogens. Lijian Zhang, CAAS vice president, was presented in the opening ceremony. Priority areas for future collaboration were identified and the second Sino- UK wheat workshop will be held in UK in 2009. The workshop was sponsored by UK Biotechnology and Biological Science Research Council (BBSRC), the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture, and the National Nature Science Foundation of China.

2007 CGIAR awards for CIMMYT and partners

The CGIAR honored the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science (CAAS) and the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science with the 2007 Award for Outstanding Agricultural Technology in the Asia-Pacific Region, for their work with CIMMYT to develop high-yielding wheat varieties with high-quality grain for Chinese food products.

Three wheat cultivars from this work were sown on more than eight million hectares in China from 2002 to 2006, adding 2.4 million tons of grain to Chinese wheat production. China and CIMMYT partnerships go back three decades and around four million hectares in China are sown to varieties that carry CIMMYT wheat in their pedigrees.

CIMMYT Maize Nutrition Quality Specialist, Natalia Palacios, was also honored by the CGIAR, receiving the 2007 Promising Young Scientist Award. The award cites Palacios’ contributions to the development of nutritious and micronutrientdense maize for farmers in tropical areas. Among other things, Palacios was influential in developing and implementing new approaches to test for grain quality traits, such as provitamins A and protein quality, that will ultimately speed breeding for those and other characteristics. Both awards were given at the 2007 CGIAR annual general meetings in Beijing, China, where during 3-7 December more than 1,000 participants, including several CIMMYT directing staff and scientists, discussed how agricultural research and technology and food policy initiatives can more effectively address critical global agricultural challenges, bringing the benefits of agricultural research more quickly to poor farmers in developing countries.

CAAS-China and CIMMYT renew and strengthen partnership

Building on a long, fruitful partnership, on 04 December 2007 in Beijing the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science (CAAS) and CIMMYT signed an agreement for a new, three-year, collaborative wheat breeding program. The chief aim is to develop new cultivars with resistance to stem rust and other diseases, as well as adaptation to climate change, particularly tolerance to heat and drought. According to the agreement, participants will draw upon modern methods such as genomics, marker-assisted selection, and informatics systems. Efforts will focus in part on developing varieties that resist Ug99, a deadly new strain of stem rust that is virulent for most current wheat cultivars and appears to be moving steadily from its point of original sighting, in eastern Africa, toward the major wheat farming areas of the Middle East and South Asia.

 

Agricultural research reduces poverty: Byerlee delivers second Havener Memorial Lecture

Derek Byerlee, Director for the World Bank’s new World Development Report, told an attentive audience in the auditorium at El Batán on Tuesday, 9 October, that there were strong drivers for agricultural research for the poor in developing countries, but that changes in the balance of funding in CGIAR centers like CIMMYT, away from unrestricted toward more special project-oriented money, threatened essential long-term research to benefit the poor.

Byerlee was presenting the second annual Robert D Havener memorial lecture, one of a series sponsored by the research centers of the CGIAR in which Havener had played a major role. Byerlee focused his talk on what he called “Drivers of Demand for Agricultural Research and Development.” He pointed out that growth in the agriculture sector benefits the poorest at more than double the rate that growth in other non-agriculture sectors does and specifically pointed out progress in Ghana, China, and India as examples. He said that investment in agricultural research and development had an impact on reducing global poverty. He also warned that in the future the strong demands from the rapidly growing biofuel sector, climate change, and increasing land degradation and water scarcity were going to shape the agricultural research agenda.

Bob Havener, CIMMYT Director General from 1978- 1985, died in August, 2005. The lecture at CIMMYT was attended by his widow, Liz and his stepdaughter, Emily Sprague. The World Development Report will be released on Friday, 19 October. A video of the lecture will be sent to regional locations.

They did it … Permanent beds take off in northern Mexico

After years of research, things are starting to happen in the Yaqui Valley. Ken D Sayre and his agronomy team have been doing research on permanent bed planting with crop residue retention at the research station near Obregón. Results are very clear: use of permanent beds with adequate crop residue retention reduces irrigation water use, maintains stable yields, reduces production costs, avoids burning of crop residue, reduces CO2 emissions, and improves soil health. Based on results in northern Mexico and thanks to international training courses, this technology has spread to Turkey, China, India, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and other countries.

Ironically, the irrigated, high/yielding areas of Mexico, where conventionally/tilled raised bed planting was developed and is a common practice, have been slow to adopt this next step towards conservation agriculture. But this may be changing. Recently farmer groups and government organizations (federal and regional) have shown interest in the technology. And now the first hectares with permanent beds were planted in farmers’ fields in Obregón, this summer cycle.

Rodrigo Rascón, Obregón Station Manager, Manuel Ruiz Cano, and Jesús Gutiérrez, collaborators in the agronomy team, worked out an agreement with two farmers to plant up to 5 ha each of sorghum on reshaped beds with full straw retention after wheat/ triticale. Only the CIMMYT prototype multi-crop/ multi-use implement was provided to the farmers plus training on planting from Rodrigo and the wheat crop management team.

Pleased with the effort the farmers insisted that a larger area be planted and therefore a total of 55 ha of sorghum was grown this way on the two farms. These plantings are true hallmarks in the efforts to extend conservation agriculture, permanent bed technologies in the Yaqui Valley. Many farmers have already visited the fields and local farmer groups recently held a farmer field day. Examples from other areas in the world tell us that the first 5 ha are the most difficult. Thanks to Rodrigo, Manuel, and Jesús, this first step has been accomplished!

Visitors from China

A delegation from the National Nature Science Foundation of China (NNSFC) visited CIMMYT El Batán on 11-12 July. The group of seven was led by Zhu Daoben, the Vice-President of NNSFC. During their visit they were briefed on all of CIMMYT’s programs and visited the Wellhausen-Anderson Plant Genetic Resources Center, the Crop Research Informatics Laboratory (CRIL) and saw the biotech facilities.