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Jose Crossa becomes Distinguished Scientist

Biometrician Dr. JosĂ© Crossa has recently been named a CIMMYT Distinguished Scientist. He is the sixth CIMMYT researcher to receive the honor. “Crossa is recognized and respected worldwide for his contributions in the classification and conservation of crop genetic resources, and his methods are used by specialists around the world,” says Jonathan Crouch, director of the Genetic Resources Program.

Other Distinguished Scientists are former director of Wheat Porgram Sanjaya Rajaram, former wheat cytologist, Mujeeb Kazi; retired maize breeder, Surinder K. Vasal; current wheat geneticist/pathologist, Ravi Singh; and retired maize breeder, Hugo Cordova.

Future foods: The GM debate

 Rodomiro Ortiz, CIMMYT Director of Resource Mobilization, participated in a live debate on genetically modified (GM) foods at the British Science Museum’s Dana Center on 22 January 2009. The event was webcast live as part of a CGIAR sponsored exhibition on “future foods” that opened in December 2008 and will run through May 2009. There will also be two other public debates on issues related to sustainable seafood and agriculture and climate change.

“A lot of opposition to GMOs stems for fear of the unknown, the fear that something might go wrong,” said Rodomiro Ortiz. “I’m not saying we shouldn’t be concerned about potential risks, but we need to balance the risks and the benefits. And this is a decision society as a whole needs to discuss,” said Ortiz.

The panel of experts participating also included Bob Watson, DEFRA Chief Scientific Adviser; Tim Lang, Professor of Food Policy, City University, London; and Ian Sample, Science Correspondent, the Guardian, who acted as facilitator.

The Museum’s website raised some debate topics such as the potential need for GM technology to help feed the developing world and consumers’ right not to buy GM food and whether or not this ultimately contributes to world hunger.

For more information on the “food” events or to watch an online video of the debate visit: http://www.danacentre.org.uk/events/2009/01/22/482#videos

Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science representatives visit CIMMYT

Mr. Zhong Chonggao, President of the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, visited El BatĂĄn on 13 January 2009. Mr. Qiu Ruor, Director, Crop Research Institute, accompanied him, along with Mr. Wang Liming, Director, Maize Research Institute; Mr. Ding Hanfeng, Director, High Technology Research Center; and Mr. Liu Jianjun, Professor, Crop Research Institute.

DG Tom Lumpkin first met with the delegation in his office. They also spoke with Kevin Pixley, Associate Director, Global Maize Program, and Hans Braun, Director, Global Wheat Program. “The delegation was particularly interested in co-operation on raising yield potential, improving disease resistance, and our research on genetically modified maize and wheat,” said Braun.

The Chinese government is sponsoring a 13-year project on genetically modified (GM) crops in the country, according to a spokesperson for the Ministry of Agriculture, who estimated the project will cost USD 3.5 billion. This information comes from Science magazine (number 5894, volume 321) which also stated that “Half [the money] is expected to come from local governments on whose land GM crops will be grown and from agricultural biotechnology companies.” The initiative involves 64 projects on GM rice, maize, wheat, and soy bean, and the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science will be involved mainly in the project’s downstream work, including genetic transformation and evaluation of the performance of the transgenic plants in biosafety greenhouses and the field, according to Huixia Wu, CIMMYT wheat transformation specialist.

The delegation discussed collaboration opportunities in areas such as germplasm, molecular markers, genetic transformation and capacity-building. The group also visited conservation agriculture field experiments with Agronomist Ken Sayre and Cropping Systems Management Specialist Bram Govaerts, and met with Jonathan Crouch, Director, GREU, several GREU staff members, and El BatĂĄn researchers from China.

Knowledge Share Fair starts in Rome today

Knowledge Share Fair for Agricultural Development and Food Security, a 3-day event organized jointly by Bioversity International, the CGIAR ICT-KM program, FAO, IFAD and WFP at FAO Headquarters starts today in Rome. CIMMYT is represented by Petr Kosina, who will be presenting Maize and Wheat Doctors, Cereal Knowledge Bank, use of web 2.0 applications in CIMMYT and also facilitating some other sessions.

Securing seeds: CIMMYT to ship second deposit to global seed vault

Nearly a year after the icy Svalbard Global Seed Vault opened its doors for seed storage, CIMMYT scientists have selected and prepared their second Svalbard-bound shipment of wheat and maize seeds, set to go in early February.

The Svalbard Vault, located on an island 620 miles from the North Pole, was built by the Norwegian government with support from the Global Crop Diversity Trust as a secure storage facility for seed banks to hold duplicate copies of their collections. The vault is capable of holding 4.5 million seed samples, which on average contain 500 seeds each. The idea is that if a disaster occurs—be it natural, financial, or governmental—seed collections stored in Svalbard’s vault will remain unaffected and available to replace any losses.

Last year, CIMMYT sent 10,000 seed collections of maize and 47,000 of wheat—representing around a third of the center’s entire collection of crop genetic resources. The center’s second deposit will consist of nearly 22,000 wheat seed samples and 2,000 of maize. According to Svalbard Vault’s website, there are currently approximately 6.5 million seed samples stored in seed banks worldwide; an estimated 1-2 million of these are distinct. Unlike banks, the Svalbard Vault holds collections from multiple facilities—all of which retain ownership of their deposits—and will be accessed only if the original samples are disturbed.

CIMMYT-China wheat project honored

A joint wheat quality project between CIMMYT and the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) recently received a prestigious award from the Chinese government for research advances.The award, established in 1984, was presented in a ceremony on 9 January in Beijing’s Great Hall of People. Given to outstanding Chinese research programs, this year’s award was granted to 29 initiatives.
The wheat quality team was the only one in the area of agriculture and forestry. Project leader Zhonghu He and select leading scientists attended the ceremony where they met and shook hands with Chinese President Hu Jintao and Prime Minister Wen Jiaobao.

The wheat quality project, which collaborates with Capital Normal University and Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Science, boasts several major accomplishments. It has established a standardized quality testing system for products such as Chinese noodles, developed 22 functional markers and characterizations of Chinese wheat varieties, and published 120 research papers, including 54 papers in leading international journals in the area of crop genetics, breeding, and cereal chemistry. In addition, the project established a technique to separate storage protein and acid capillary electrophoresis for separation of high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS), the cloning of six new genes for HMW-GS, and first report of illegitimate recombination for formation of HMW-GS.

Other accomplishments include the development of two core parents with an outstanding quality for pan bread making from CIMMYT wheats YĂ©cora F74 and Saric F74 which contributed to the creation of 10 leading varieties that cover a total area of 8 million hectares, and the training of more than 50 postgraduates. Collaboration and support from CIMMYT cereal chemist Dr. Roberto Javier Peña, Dr. Craig Morris from USDA-ARS, Prof. Rudi Appels at Murdoch University, and Dr. Ken Quail at BRI, contributed to the work’s success.

Maseca pays a visit to CIMMYT

Many of us living in Mexico know the brand name Maseca from the flour packages we see in the supermarket. Maseca is one of three brands owned by the Gruma corporation, which produces and markets flour and tortillas in the US, Europe, and China.
 A group from Maseca visited El Batån on 14 January, along with Dr. Pedro Brajcich, DG of the Mexican National Institute of Forestry, Agriculture, and Livestock Research (INIFAP), and Dr. Gricelda Våzquez, an important partner in maize quality research efforts from INIFAP. Dr. Julio Berdegué, chairman of the Board of Trustees and our DG, Tom Lumpkin, welcomed and accompanied the group during the visit.

CIMMYT has worked with Maseca in the past to quantify post-research losses in Mexico. “During the visit, they were interested in quality protein maize, the improvement of ‘criollos,’ and lab methods for quality analysis, among other topics,” says Kevin Pixley, associate director, CIMMYT Global Maize Program. (Criollos are maize landraces, or particular varieties that are farmer-selected and often highly adapted to specific areas). “We also talked about collaboration with INIFAP and CINVESTAV” (a postgraduate and research institution in Mexico), adds Pixley.

The Maseca delegation included Alfonso Cebreros, director of government relations; Guillermo Arteaga, deputy director biotechnology and innovation; Luis Manuel RolĂłn, manager, agricultural planning; Alfredo Morales DĂ­az, manager, central laboratory; and Montserrat GonzĂĄlez Torre, chief, biotechnology and innovation projects. Maseca imports about 80% of the wheat it uses for milling, says Javier Peña, wheat grain quality specialist. “They are interested in having new wheat varieties adapted to the Mexican highlands and central Mexico which suit their needs and will enable them to save on importation costs.” The group offered to help CIMMYT secure funding from the public and private sectors and also invited CIMMYT researchers
to visit their maize milling and processing plant as well as their wheat flour mill in Puebla to better understand food processing and maize and wheat quality needs.

Knowledge, information, and training on the move

As of January 2009, the Knowledge Sharing and Capacity Building office will merge with CIMMYT library to constitute a Knowledge, Information, and Training Group, as part of the Corporate Communications Unit. Petr Kosina will manage the group, moving with his support team to the CIMMYT library at El Batán. Strategic aims behind the change include integrating and enhancing diverse information management and knowledge sharing/capacity building products and services— among them library services, conference and training services, distribution of publications, other web services—that are increasingly managed and shared electronically and on-line.

Ken Sayre receives award from China

The Ningxia provincial government honored CIMMYT Agronomist Ken Sayre with the Liupanshan award on 05 December in recognition of the center’s contribution to promoting conservation agriculture in Ningxia province, China. Liupanshan is the most famous historical site of Ningxia province and the Liupanshan Award recognizes scientists from other countries who have made significant contributions to economic and social development in the province. Sayre has frequently traveled to Ningxia in the last 10 years to promote bed planting and conservation agriculture in the dryland area and has also helped introduce the associated technology and machinery from India to Ningxia. Congratulations!

Texas A&M University visitors

Six Texas A&M University faculty members visited CIMMYT during 9-11 December to explore prospects for collaboration and share research information. To address individual interests, the group dispersed and met with several center scientists and staff. Conversation centered on maize and wheat breeding, biotic screens for wheat, quantitative genetics, soil science, and how A&M students can collaborate with the center. Dr. Amir Ibrahim, associate professor in the Department of Soil and Crop Sciences and small grains breeder and geneticist, also led a seminar on wheat improvement in Texas.

In memory of Bob Metzger

Long-time CIMMYT collaborator and Professor of Triticale and Wheat Genetics at Oregon State University, Robert “Bob” Metzger died in June 2008. He was a pioneer in work on Karnal bunt (Tilletia indica) in collaboration with CIMMYT, when the disease was found on wheat in Mexico, but his passion and hobby was triticale. Says CIMMYT wheat agronomist Ken Sayre, “He was a wonderful guy and is still remembered by the maids in the Costa de Oro (motel in Ciudad Obregón) as the man who brought wheat spikes to his room to hand thresh them—and make a real mess! —but he always left a big tip.” For those interested, a very nice memoriam written by his daughter appears in the USDA Annual Wheat Newsletter (Vol. 54).

Thank you, CIMMYT-Zimbabwe!

The largest regional office outside of CIMMYT-HQ and in operation since 1985, the CIMMYT Regional Office for Southern Africa in Zimbabwe is central to implementing major regional and global projects. In the face of challenging political and economic circumstances, staff there have worked heroically and creatively to ensure that key breeding trials, on-farm research, socio-economic studies, and seed shipment activities are conducted to meet objectives with excellence.

This feeling of achievement was echoed at the 2008 end-of-year staff party on 12 December. The colorful party, joined by CIATTSBF staff, got off with a welcome and a “Thank you, CIMZIM!” address from Mulugetta Mekuria. Pat Wall got everyone involved in participatory games with exciting prizes. Long service awards were presented to Sign Phiri (20 years), Moses Chiputu (20 years), and Evelot Nyamutowa (10 years). The crowd thanked and congratulated the colleagues for their extended service, and staff received Christmas baskets.

The Innovation Learning Platform takes off in Malawi

On 22-23 October 2008, the Drought Tolerant Maize for Africa Project (DTMA) held meetings in Malawi for stakeholders in the maize value chain to discuss the rationale and implementation plans for the Innovation Learning Platform (ILeP) at the national and district levels. The ILeP was launched in August 2008 and will be implemented in Balaka District of Malawi. Multiple stakeholders will work synergistically to ensure that farmers increase their incomes through access to maize production inputs (improved maize varieties, fertilizer, and credit) and to output markets. Diverse stakeholders—which include the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, researchers, extension agents, seed producers, agro-dealers, marketing companies, non-governmental organizations, micro-financial institutions, and farmers— agreed on their respective roles. Augustine Langyintuo, John MacRobert, and Peter Setimela presented on CIMMYT’s behalf, and DTMA project leader Wilfred Mwangi took part in discussions.

CIMMYT-Kenya says kwa heri (good-bye) to 2008

Great food met great company at CIMMYT-Kenya’s end-of-the-year luncheon on 7 December, hosted by Global Maize Program director Marianne BĂ€nziger. Long-standing service awards were presented to Alpha Diallo, who retires from CIMMYT in January 2009, to Stephen Mugo, and to Isaac Mutabai. All shared the award and recognition with their spouses. “We couldn’t have done it without the love and support of our better halves,” they agreed.

Thanks and admiration for Diallo’s time and contributions were expressed in a commemorative plaque that commended “
the very high regard in which he is held as a wise voice, mentor, and friend; for his pragmatic approach to prioritizing and getting a job done
” Colleagues Wilfred Mwangi, Dan Makumbi, and Joseph Kasango recalled their experiences working with him. Diallo’s wife Mrs. Fatoumata Diallo presented CIMMYT with a beautiful, intricately woven, handmade wall hanging on behalf of the family. “This is to express our thanks to all at CIMMYT for their love, support, and friendship throughout all the years that we have known them,” she said.

The function also served as a good-bye for Jedidah Danson, who leaves CIMMYT to teach at Kwa Zulu University in South Africa, and Murenga Mwimali, a maize breeder from the Kenya Agricultural Research Institute who finished his four-month Visiting Scientist assignment. “It has been a rewarding and exciting experience,” Mwimali said. “I have learnt a lot from the CIMMYT scientists, especially Stephen Mugo, and the technicians about practical aspects of designing and managing trials, seed production, and national variety release procedures for insect resistant and stress tolerant maize.”

BĂ€nziger also took the opportunity to thank staff for efforts in 2008 and to recognize and remember the invaluable contribution of the late Mrs. Ebby Irungu, who kept the office running smoothly with effortless efficiency, friendliness, and firmness. Those at CIMMYT-Kenya send wishes to all their colleagues for a joyous festive season and a prosperous New Year 2009!

Maize stakeholders meet

In November 2008, CIMMYT organized meetings for all in-country maize industry stakeholders in eastern Africa to review progress made in 2008 and to propose work plans for 2009. These working groups are part of a regional framework to harmonize activities and resource use among maize projects coordinated by CIMMYT in Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda. Participants discussed proposed projects and their development into full proposals for consideration in early 2009.

The groups reported success in developing and releasing new varieties, in seed production, and in getting seed to farmers. Participants came from the following projects: Quality Protein Maize Development, Africa Maize Stress, Drought Tolerant Maize for Africa, and the Insect Maize for Africa Project. At the meetings, CIMMYT was represented by Dennis Friesen, Wilfred Mwangi, Stephen Mugo, Twumasi Afriyie, Zubeda Mduruma, Augustine Langyintuo, Dan Makumbi, Yoseph Beyenne, Kimani Kamau, and Anne Wangalachi.