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Author: dmedina

Building a sustainable hybrid seed market system in Nepal to enhance food security and farmers’ profitability: transforming the seed sector through local capacity development

Written by dmedina on . Posted in Blogs.

Hybrid maize seed production field at Kailali district in Nepal (Photo:AbduRahman Beshir/CIMMYT)

Nepal, a Himalayan nation with substantial agricultural potential, has a maize seed market valued at over $100 million. Yet in 2023, only 15% of the national demand for quality maize seed was met. Historically, the country has relied heavily on imports to supply hybrid maize seeds, which account for approximately 15–20% of the cultivated maize area.

To address this challenge, CIMMYT, in collaboration with the Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC) and local private seed companies, has embarked on a transformative journey to strengthen domestic hybrid maize seed production and marketing systems. The results have been impressive: winter-season hybrid seed production has increased from just 4.5 metric tons in 2018 — when local hybrid seed efforts began — to 200 metric tons by 2023/24. This growth has been fueled by hybrid maize varieties developed by CIMMYT and released by NARC, which continue to drive this upward trend.

Manesh Patel, President of Asia and Pacific Seed Association (APSA), reflected on his experience on Nepal’s evolving seed industry during the recent International Seed Conference in Kathmandu: “About 10 or 12 years ago, I had the opportunity to interact with the seed stakeholders in Nepal. At that time, the seed sector was not viable, and the role of the private sector was minimal. Now, I am impressed to see such transformative initiatives in Nepal’s seed sector.”

Patel acknowledged the vital role of CIMMYT and other stakeholders, particularly under the Nepal Seed and Fertilizer Project (NSAF) in driving this transformation. The local seed companies have been instrumental in scaling hybrid seed production, by leveraging the technical, human, and institutional capacity development support provided by CIMMYT and partners.

Hybrid seed production hubs — a model to foster agile seed business

Under the NSAF project, CIMMYT partnered with ten Nepalese seed companies and farmers’ cooperatives to establish hybrid seed production hubs. Previously, companies operated in a fragmented and inefficient manner, resulting in elevated production costs. To address this, the project identified strategic production hubs where farmers could pool their land and produce seeds in an adjacent, coordinated seed production. The districts of Dang, Kapilvastu, and Kailali emerged as key hubs, now hosting at least six seed companies working collaboratively to streamline hybrid maize seed production.

Spearheaded by collaborative efforts between public and private stakeholders, these hubs are contributing to Nepal’s seed sector by centralizing resources, technology, and expertise. Since 2020/21, these hubs have served as key focal points for the production of quality hybrid seeds and for advancing improvements across the seed value chain. Notable outcomes of the model include:

  • Bringing breeders, agronomists, and technical experts together for knowledge transfer and streamlined seed multiplication which enhances efficiency.
  • Enhancing seed quality through centralized facilities, and land pooling, which reduces cross-contamination of the seed field and ensures rigorous quality control.
  • Reducing costs through centralized operations, which lowers production cost and makes hybrid seeds more affordable and accessible.
  • Strengthening the supply chain helps to enhance timely seed availability.

The Dang hub stands as a testament to the success of Nepal’s emerging hybrid seed production model. Between 2020/21 and 2023/24, the production area expanded by more than 300%, seed production rose by an impressive 1,450%, and farmer participation increased by 290%.

This extraordinary growth was made possible through a strong public-private ecosystem, including support from the Prime Minister Agriculture Modernization Project (PMAMP), which facilitated mechanization as seed companies scaled their operations. In 2023/24 alone, the hub produced enough hybrid maize seed to plant 10,000 hectares — yielding nearly $25 million in grain value that would otherwise have been met through costly imports.

Tripling farmers’ incomes and creating rural job opportunities

Nepal faces significant rural outmigration, as economic pressures and shifting aspirations drive many men and youth to seek opportunities elsewhere leading to depopulation and increasing abandonment of farmland. In their absence, women now comprise an estimated 60–70% of the rural workforce, often balancing farm labor with household responsibilities. Amid these challenges, the hybrid seed business model is proving transformative. By enabling farmers to generate higher returns from smaller plots and creating rural employment opportunities for both women and men, it offers a path to revitalizing rural livelihoods and strengthening local economies.

A women farmer engaged in detasseling operation of hybrid maize seed field at Kapilvastu district in Nepal (Photo: CIMMYT/Nepal)

Farmers like Ganesh Choudhary and Yuvraj Chaudhary exemplify this success. Ganesh transitioned from wheat farming to hybrid maize seed production at the Kailali hub under a contract with Unique Seed Company. In just one season, his income tripled, earning $1,980 compared to $660 from wheat on the same plot of land. Similarly, Yuvraj, working with Gorkha Seed Company at the Dang hub, earned $2,400 in his second year, three times more than his previous income—after receiving targeted training and technical support.

Additionally, key operations in hybrid seed production, such as detasseling and roughing, have created employment opportunities for rural women, who manage over 60% of these tasks. The financial security offered by buyback guarantees from the seed companies, combined with the efficiency of clustered land management, has provided farmers with a more sustainable pathway to improved livelihoods. This approach not only addresses economic challenges but also helps curb migration and empowers rural communities.

Maintaining the momentum

The modest beginnings of hybrid seed production are ushering in a new era for Nepal’s seed sector and represent a beacon of hope for its broader agricultural transformation. By effectively integrating seed companies, public research institutions, cooperatives, and government support, Nepal is poised to build a resilient seed market system — one that enhances farmer livelihoods and bolsters the national economy.

To sustain and consolidate these gains, continued collaboration and partnership among stakeholders is essential. Building on the strong foundation laid and maintaining momentum will require, among other efforts:

  • Policy support by the government to encourage hybrid seed production and provide necessary resources, particularly to hybrid seed startups.
  • Foster private sector engagement and strengthen partnerships with seed companies to ensure long-term market viability.
  • Institutional capacity building and investment in training programs for farmers, agronomists, and technical staff to maintain and enhance the quality of hybrid seeds.
  • Strengthening research and development, particularly to develop and deploy new hybrid varieties suited to diverse agro-ecological zones and market segments.
  • Enhance financial access to credit and insurance for seed companies, seed growers to mitigate risks and encourage investment.

The remarkable progress in hybrid seed production driven by coordinated public-private efforts marks a pivotal shift for Nepal’s agricultural future. Beyond reducing dependence on costly imports, this momentum is laying the foundation for a resilient, self-sufficient seed sector. It holds the promise of greater food security, increased farmer incomes, and long-term sustainability. With continued investment and collaboration, Nepal is not only transforming its seed systems but also empowering its rural communities and securing a more prosperous agricultural economy for generations to come.

Tips for diversifying crops and improving the functionality of agricultural systems

Written by dmedina on . Posted in Blogs.

Mariel Guera, CIMMYT’s national coordinator for research platforms, at one of the experimental platforms where practices are evaluated to diversify agricultural systems and improve their ecological and productive functionality (Photo: Ingrid González/CIMMYT)

Functional diversification in agriculture seeks to maximize the potential of crops not only as sources of food but also as contributors to soil health, ecosystem stability, and economic sustainability. Through strategic design, agroecosystems can be strengthened to become more resilient, efficient, and productive. Mariel Guera, National Research Coordinator of the Sustainable Agrifood Systems (SAS) Program at CIMMYT, shares key recommendations for those interested in transitioning toward more diverse and functional systems.

Intercropping of maize (Zea mays), common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), and squash (Cucurbita spp.) in a diversified system (Milpa). This combination enhances soil fertility, improves ground cover, and strengthens agroecosystem resilience (Photo: Jenifer Morales/CIMMYT)

Integrating different species within an agricultural system provides important agroecological benefits. For example, incorporating crops such as legumes can enhance soil fertility, disrupt pest and disease cycles, promote beneficial insect populations, and broaden food and income opportunities.

Reduce climate risk

Diversified agricultural system with crops of varying water requirements (Photo: OpenAI, ChatGPT)

Growing crops with different water and nutrient requirements helps mitigate the impact of irregular rainfall or extreme heat. Functional diversity brings greater stability in the face of climate uncertainty.

Select adapted species with market potential

Crops selected for their climate adaptation and commercial value. (Photo: Open AI, ChatGPT)

Species selection should be based on their adaptation to local conditions and market potential. While some hardy species may not be commercially viable, they fulfill essential functions such as providing soil cover, fixing nitrogen, and improving soil structure—leading to indirect benefits for the main crop.

Invest in intercropping and crop rotations

Crop at early stages under diversified agriculture management. (Photo: Jenifer Morales/CIMMYT)

Combining crops through practices such as maize–bean intercropping or maize–sesame relay planting enables more efficient use of system resources without reducing yields. These practices improve profitability, contribute to pest control, and promote efficient land use throughout the cropping cycle.

Assess before diversifying

Field assessment to evaluate soil conditions prior to diversifying crops (Photo: CIMMYT)

Before introducing new species, it is necessary to conduct a technical assessment of the context, including climate conditions, altitude, soil type, water availability, and agronomic history. This evaluation helps prevent losses and ensures effective diversification.

Support the agroecological transition

Management of cover crops as part of a functional diversification strategy (Photo: Sarah MartĂ­nez/CIMMYT)

Functional crop diversity reduces chemical inputs, improves soil health, and contributes to restoring ecological balance in the system. In the medium and long term, these benefits promote more efficient, regenerative production.

Intentional and knowledgeable diversification is key to achieving more resilient, productive, and sustainable agricultural systems. Incorporating functional crops that are adapted to local conditions and linked to clear objectives strengthens productive autonomy, improves profitability, and promotes more balanced agroecosystem management. For diversification to be effective, it is essential to assess the system, select appropriate species, and receive technical support.

If you are interested in applying this approach to your farm, contact the CIMMYT team in your region. Locate your nearest hub to receive specialized guidance in designing a diversification strategy tailored to your production context.

Fungal Resistance in Wheat: Biodiversity & Food Security

Written by dmedina on . Posted in In the media.

CIMMYT played a key role in advancing research on yellow rust resistance by supporting field trials in Mexico and providing access to its extensive collection of traditional wheat varieties. Through its collaboration with the University of Zurich and Kyoto University, CIMMYT contributed to the identification of novel genetic regions in Asian landraces that offer resistance to the destructive fungus. Its leadership in conserving one of the world’s largest wheat germplasm collections continues to be vital for global efforts to develop disease-resilient wheat and safeguard food security through biodiversity.

Read the full story.

Can organic fertilizers rebuild Zimbabwe’s fragile soils?

Written by dmedina on . Posted in Blogs.

(Tracy Chokurongerwa and Atlas representative in her trial plot (Photo: CIMMYT)

“Our soils are exhausted. Even the best hybrid seed won’t yield much without nutrients. Organic fertilizers give us hope, but are they affordable and available? We need to understand our soils and make informed choices. This is an agrarian district; water isn’t scarce, but good soil is,” lamented Mrs. Munyoro, a district local authority official in Murehwa.

These words reflect a difficult reality confronting many smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe’s dryland farming regions: the urgent need to restore soil health in an increasingly fragile climate. With nearly 70% of the soils in districts like Murehwa and Mutoko classified as sandy, low in organic carbon, and prone to nutrient leaching, the potential for long-term productivity is steadily declining. Compounding this challenge is a decline in livestock populations due to disease, which reduces access to cattle manure, once a dependable source of organic nutrients.

To respond to these issues, the Resilience Building through Agroecological Intensification in Zimbabwe (RAIZ) project, led by the research consortium CIMMYT, is conducting field trials targeting soil fertility enhancement strategies that align scientific rigor with local practicality. These trials explore how conservation agriculture (CA) techniques and various organic fertility inputs—ranging from traditional manure to market-supplied products like Bokashi, Atlas orgfert (organic D), Orgfert, and Vermicompost—can sustainably improve soil fertility, structure, microbial health, and ultimately yield outcomes.

But why do these trials matter? The market is increasingly saturated with organic fertilisers, which offer both opportunities and dilemmas for smallholder farmers. From ZimEarthworms’ vermicompost, Bokashi, Orgfert, and Atlas orgfert (organic D) gaining visibility, questions remain around their affordability, accessibility, and context-specific performance. Farmers continue to rely on cattle manure where available, but rising livestock mortality, including from theileriosis (commonly referred to as January disease), is limiting this resource.

The RAIZ trials go beyond measuring yield data—they also evaluate farmer appreciation, labor requirements, and cost-effectiveness. Moreover, local authorities emphasize the importance of understanding how different organic inputs influence nutrient cycling, soil microbial activity, and overall soil fertility dynamics over time.

With several companies producing organic inputs, and cattle manure being a traditional staple, the big questions remain: What works best? What can farmers afford? And how can the findings shape broader adoption? This integrated approach is critical for guiding broader adoption of sustainable practices in Zimbabwe’s farming systems, where poor granite-derived sandy soils of low organic matter and low pH constitute up to 60% of the country’s arable land.

Insights from the Field

The farmer-led trial by Tracy Chokurongerwa in Murehwa offered compelling insights into the comparative value of organic inputs under both conventional and CA management, including intercropping setups such as maize–cowpea combinations. Treatments across plots were standardized to include five organic amendments: Vermicompost, Orgfert, Atlas orgfert (organic D), Bokashi, and cattle manure.

An aerial view of the experimental plot on organic soil amendments in Murehwa Ward 28 (Photo: CIMMYT)

Bokashi showed notable improved performance compared to the previous season, while Atlas orgfert (organic D) emerged as the preferred input by farmers based on visual crop vigor and yield observations. ZimEarthworms’ vermicompost performed particularly well when combined with Compound D fertilizer, suggesting synergistic effects between organic and synthetic inputs. However, challenges with land topography and water retention reinforced the need for supporting practices such as contour ridges, stormwater diversion channels, and timely land preparation.

In another trial, one farmer tested intercropping with pigeon pea and echoed the preference for Atlas orgfert (organic D). A separate rate trial examined the impact of increasing organic input volumes, revealing a positive yield response under CA systems, although erosion risks on sloped terrain were a concern—emphasizing once again the importance of land and water management.

In Mutoko, trials faced additional variables. Termite infestation was notable in one plot, aggravated by water runoff and poor mulch management. However, plots that utilized decomposed leaf litter mulch showed better moisture retention and stronger crop establishment under conservation agriculture practices. At some sites, the differences between CA and conventional till plots were striking to all visitors, clearly demonstrating the regenerative capacity of CA-based systems.

These examples illustrate how site-specific conditions—such as slope, soil type, and mulch availability—heavily influence the outcomes of soil fertility interventions. Importantly, researchers noted that marginal land allocation for trials (often the only land farmers can offer) can limit replicability and yield potential, highlighting the tension between field research conditions and real-world farming constraints.

Highlights of the 2023/24 Season

The 2023/24 season was a year of experimentation and learning for the RAIZ project, as farmers diligently undertook the targeted trials with recommended organic fertilizer rates and conservation agriculture (CA) methods. A total of 51 farmers participated in farmer-led experiments, with 30 testing standard or recommended rates of organic amendments under CA techniques, and 21 evaluating different organic fertilizer rates. Six decentralized learning centers hosted demonstrations on maize variety performance, CA principles, sorghum, and manure use, providing a platform for peer learning and knowledge exchange.

Despite erratic rainfall ranging from 250 to 500 mm, the trials delivered critical insights into what works and where. Results showed limited maize harvests, while the trials emphasized understanding which soil amendments are most effective across different areas. This approach helps farmers avoid costly fertilizer investments by identifying locally affordable and sustainable soil enhancement options. The need for early land preparation and strategic planning at the start of the season was a key takeaway, particularly in the face of climate unpredictability and ongoing soil degradation.

Reflections from the Ground

One of the strongest messages from both farmers and stakeholders was a call for continuity. Participants appreciated the way research was embedded within farmer realities and stressed the importance of scaling the initiative. Farmer engagement from the outset, coupled with co-implementation of trials, has fostered a sense of ownership and trust.

A particularly telling observation was the presence of witchweed in conventional maize plots, reinforcing the importance of integrated soil fertility management and diversified cropping systems. Such findings not only validate CA and organic input combinations but also contribute to a growing body of evidence on how to manage parasitic weeds through ecological approaches.

With community trust, scientific insight, and early success stories in hand, the pathway to broader adoption of organic-based soil restoration strategies is becoming clearer. However, sustained support, adaptive extension services, and inclusive learning platforms will be critical to maintain momentum. For districts like Murehwa and Mutoko, soil health is the limiting factor—but with the right inputs, the right knowledge, and continued collaboration, smallholder farmers can rebuild the fertility foundation of their lands, and with it, secure the future of rural livelihoods.

Retraining Trialists: Enhancing Capacity for Quality Data Collection

Written by dmedina on . Posted in Blogs.

The Zambia Agriculture Research Institute (ZARI) recently conducted a comprehensive retraining program for trialists, led by Lloyd Mbulwe, Lead Breeder, with support from CIMMYT. The initiative was driven by a growing demand for enhanced capacity in field book management, DNA sampling, and quality control measures. 

A group photo of the training participants (Photo: ZARI)

The well-attended training brought together triallists and assistant breeders from across the country, representing various research programs, including sorghum, finger millet, and pearl millet. The platform offered a valuable opportunity to harmonize data collection procedures, ensuring consistency and accuracy in research efforts collected. 

The training covered the full spectra of trial management- from planting to harvest– alongside robust guidance on data collection. Participants also received instruction on data analysis and interpretation, enabling them to extract meaningful insights from their field data. A focused session on DNA leaf sample preparation for fingerprinting emphasized the importance of accuracy and integrity in genetic research. The training introduced key concepts in quality assurance and quality control (QAQC), essential for upholding rigorous scientific standards.  

Participants in the field during a hands-on evaluation session of sorghum varieties (Photo: ZARI)

A key highlight of the training was the practical session on field book management. Participants had the opportunity to work with the field book, identifying challenges and opportunities associated with its use in the field. This hands-on experience enabled them to develop a deeper understanding of the field book’s capabilities and limitations, ultimately sharpening their field-based data skills enhancing their field-based data skills.  

To complement the classroom and practical sessions, participants also visited the Plant Pathology Laboratory at ZARI Headquarters, where they gained insights into disease diagnosis, sample preparation, and QAQC procedures used in laboratory settings. The visit reinforced the importance of accurate field data and proper sample handling to support robust laboratory analysis and research outcomes. 

Participants at the Plant Pathology Laboratory at ZARI Headquarters, , exploring ongoing research activities (Photo: ZARI)

The training aimed to equip triallists with the necessary skills and knowledge to collect high-quality data, manage DNA samples effectively, and apply QAQC measures to ensure the reliability of research outcomes. 

By enhancing the capacity of trial lists, ZARI aims to improve the overall quality of research outputs-ultimately contributing to the development of improved crop varieties and enhanced agricultural productivity in Zambia. 

Pairwise Licenses Gene Editing Tools to CIMMYT to Fast-Track Smallholder Farming Systems’ Transformation

Written by dmedina on . Posted in Press releases.

Durham, N.C., and Texcoco, Mexico (June 12, 2025) – Pairwise has entered a landmark licensing agreement with the non-profit, international agricultural research organization CIMMYT to provide access to its Fulcrumℱ gene editing platform, including the advanced SHARCℱ CRISPR enzyme. This partnership will accelerate the development of improved crop varieties for smallholder farmers across 20 countries where CIMMYT implements integrated research and development initiatives.

CIMMYT, based in Mexico and operating in 88 countries, is a key member of the CGIAR network and a global leader in developing sustainable solutions for food and climate security. Under the license, CIMMYT and its National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS) partners will have access to Fulcrum tools in crops including maize, wheat, sorghum, and regionally important staples like pearl millet, finger millet, pigeon pea, and groundnut.

“Advanced breeding techniques replicate what happens in nature in a faster, more focused way. We’re excited to have access to a gene editing technology that allows us to not only develop new traits but also make these traits available to farmers who can benefit from them,” said Sarah Hearne, Chief Science and Innovation Officer at CIMMYT. “CIMMYT is committed to bringing new technologies to smallholder farmers in the Global South, which aims to enhance resilience and nutritional characteristics of crops and help develop livelihoods and communities. Fulcrum will speed up the delivery of the climate resilient varieties that farmers urgently need.”

The Fulcrumℱ Platform includes Pairwise-developed gene editing tools for cutting, base editing, and templated editing a toolbox which enables not only turning a characteristic on or off but also tuning it— like a dimmer switch to tailor the trait and deliver the optimum phenotype.

“Our Fulcrum Platform was built to help scientists solve urgent, real-world challenges in agriculture,” said Ian Miller, Chief Operating Officer at Pairwise. “This agreement allows CIMMYT to use our powerful CRISPR tools to deliver real-world improvements for farmers facing food insecurity and climate pressure. We outlicense to organizations like CIMMYT because Pairwise believes this transformative technology should be broadly available to those working to improve agriculture for smallholder farmers.”

Gene editing enables precision improvements in crop yield, resilience, and nutrition that could be achieved through conventional breeding but were impractical due to time and cost restraints.  By making these powerful tools more accessible, this partnership accelerates impactful innovation in regions where food system improvements are most urgently needed. Through CIMMYT’s research network, these tools will be deployed in diverse environments, providing researchers with a flexible alternative for product development and a clear pathway to real-world impact.

About Pairwise
Pairwise is agriculture’s leading gene editing powerhouse, building a healthier world through partnership and plant innovation. Co-founded by the inventors of CRISPR, our Fulcrumℱ Platform accelerates the development of climate-resilient, nutritious, and sustainable crops. As trusted partners to global industry leaders and nonprofit institutions, we help breeders move faster while transforming food and agriculture for farmers, consumers, and the planet. Founded in 2017 and based in Durham, NC, Pairwise is committed to delivering innovation that makes food easier to grow — and better to eat. For more information, visit www.pairwise.com.

About CIMMYT
CIMMYT is a cutting-edge, non-profit, international organization dedicated to solving tomorrow’s problems today. It is entrusted with fostering improved quantity, quality, and dependability of production systems and basic cereals such as maize, wheat, triticale, sorghum, millets, and associated crops through applied agricultural science, particularly in the Global South, through building strong partnerships. This combination enhances the livelihood trajectories and resilience of millions of resource-poor farmers while working towards a more productive, inclusive, and resilient agrifood system within planetary boundaries.
www.cimmyt.org

 

CIMMYT Media Contact: Jelle Boone
Head of Communications, CIMMYT
Email: j.boone@cgiar.org
Mobile: +52 595 124 7241

Pairwise Media Contact:
Email: communications@pairwise.com

From CGIAR Research to Action: Strengthening Science-Policy Linkages

Written by dmedina on . Posted in Blogs.

CGIAR is the world’s largest agricultural innovation network and a global leader in research for development. Over the past five decades, its investments have delivered tenfold returns—yielding more abundant and affordable food while reducing hunger, poverty, and land use (1). Today’s food systems face multiple, interconnected challenges – ranging from production inefficiencies and nutritional disparities to social exclusion and environmental degradation. These issues are further intensified by climate change, geopolitical instability, and systemic inequality. Tackling them demands coordinated, multisectoral responses and stronger collaboration with the public sector, particularly policymakers (2). There is a well-recognized gap between science and policy, driven in part by the technical complexity of research outputs. Policymakers often face challenges in interpreting and applying scientific findings, which hinders the uptake of evidence-based solutions. Therefore, there is a need for simplified and tailored research communication to broader audiences, particularly for policymakers in target countries.

“To truly make a difference, research must speak the language of policy: Science without policy is just academia; policy without science is just guesswork.”

For research and innovation to effectively influence and inform policy, researchers must go beyond simply presenting evidence and engage deeply with the policy-making context. By understanding the multiple factors policymakers consider and by building genuine and trust-based partnerships, researchers can significantly improve the chances that their work will shape and inform effective, actionable policy (3).

What a researcher should know for effective science-policy communication

To communicate effectively with policymakers, researchers must understand the broader policymaking context and constraints faced by decision-makers responsible for crafting and implementing policy in a target country. Policymakers weigh multiple dimensions – political, economic, social, and logistical – before adopting innovations. Successful research-to-policy translation hinges on addressing these dimensions holistically.

Key dimensions policymakers consider

Political Acceptability: Innovations must align with current political agendas and priorities to secure regulatory and financial support. Political will and leadership are often decisive enablers – without them, even the most technically sound innovations may stall.

Social Desirability: Policies are more likely to succeed when they address pressing societal needs, resonate with public values, and enhance quality of life. Public support and broad adoption are essential for long-term sustained impact.

Technical Feasibility: Innovations should be practical, scalable, and implementable with available technologies and systems. If an innovation is too complex, unreliable, or difficult to implement, it risks being unsustainable or rejected.

Financial Viability: Policymakers assess whether innovations are economically feasible, offer a clear return on investment, and align with existing budgetary constraints. Financial sustainability encourages both public and private sector participation.

Administrative Doability: For policy innovations to succeed, they must be implementable within current administrative systems. Clear procedures for implementation and monitoring are essential. Administrative complexity can be a significant barrier.

Judicial Tenability: Innovations must comply with existing legal frameworks. If legal adaptation is required, there must be a strong, evidence-based justification to support such changes and ensure alignment with constitutional or regulatory standards.

Emotional Relatability: Innovations that resonate emotionally by addressing people’s concerns, fears, and aspirations are more likely to gain public acceptance.

Environmental Sustainability: Minimizing environmental impact and promoting resource efficiency are increasingly important, as policymakers face mounting pressure to support long-term ecological balance.

Challenges in Research-Policy Engagement

  • Limited interactions and weak personal engagement between researchers and policymakers result in infrequent use of empirical evidence in policymaking.
  • Significant differences exist in decision-making processes, norms, and cultures between researchers and policymakers.
  • Additional barriers include differing institutional cultures, and a lack of incentives or training for effective policy engagement.

Effective Strategies for Bridging the Gap

  • Training researchers to understand the policymaking process, improve communication, and build relationships with policymakers.
  • Combining direct instruction (didactic training) and experiential learning (hands-on engagement) to reinforce both knowledge and practical engagement is most effective.
  • A structured approach designed to build researchers’ policy competencies and support policy engagement through iterative phases, including policy priority identification, network development, training, and ongoing collaboration.
  • Prioritize continuous feedback, relationship building, and responsiveness to current policy needs.
  • Research institutions should adjust incentive structures (such as tenure and promotion criteria) to recognize and encourage policy engagement.
  • Institutions should support research activities that directly align with policy priorities and opportunities.
  • Effectively translating research into policy is an interactive and collaborative process. Building trust, keeping communication open, and forming strong relationships with policymakers are key to success. Engaging early, particularly during the agenda-setting stage, helps ensure that research tackles relevant policy issues and anticipates potential implementation challenges.
  • Involving policymakers and stakeholders through co-design enhances the relevance and utility of research findings. This approach helps identify potential barriers, align expectations, and build shared ownership of both the research and the resulting policies.
  • Researchers must tailor their communication for policy audiences by turning complex evidence into clear, practical messages. Using data alongside compelling stories can build trust and encourage engagement, making the case for innovation more convincing.
  • Understanding the broader policy environment is critical. Researchers should understand the institutional, legal, and administrative context in which policy decisions occur. Identifying key policy actors and knowing their roles, motivations, and limitations is essential for effective engagement.

Practical Strategies for Researchers

  • Engage policymakers early and regularly to co-create research agendas and ensure the work remains relevant.
  • Build long-term relationships grounded in trust and mutual understanding.
  • Communicate findings clearly in policy-relevant terms, combining data with compelling narratives.
  • Show how the innovation tackles pressing local issues and has the potential to scale effectively.
  • Identify and address possible barriers – political, financial, administrative, legal, and social – before recommending policy adoption.

CIMMYT in Bangladesh is actively engaging with policymakers. As part of the ongoing research project Transforming Smallholder Food Systems in South Asia (RUPANTAR), we explored the political economy of policies for sustainable agriculture in Bangladesh. The findings were published in an international peer-reviewed journal to share insights with policymakers. The article attracted only around 80 readers – mostly researchers. In contrast, a simplified policy brief based on the same findings reached over 1,800 readers in a few months, the majority of whom were based in Bangladesh. This highlights the importance of making research more accessible and actionable.

CGIAR is well-positioned to address these challenges. In response, CGIAR has launched its unique Scaling for Impact (S4I) program to better align research with real-world needs (4). It emphasizes demand signaling, building partnerships, understanding the policy landscape, and supporting structured scaling. In particular, S4I’s focus areas include identifying stakeholder needs and shaping enabling policies that support CGIAR’s broader impact goals.

  1. Thornton P, Dijkman J, Herrero M, Szilagyi L, Cramer L. Aligning vision and reality in publicly funded agricultural research for development: A case study of CGIAR. Food Policy. 2022 [cited 2025 May 11];107:102196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2021.102196 
  2. UNEP. Strengthening the Science-Policy Interface: a Gap Analysis. United Nations Environment Programme Nairobi; 2017.
  3. Ruhl JB, Posner SM, Ricketts TH. Engaging policy in science writing: Patterns and strategies. Plos One.2019 [cited 2025 May 11];14(8):e0220497. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0220497
  4. CGIAR. 2024. Scaling for Impact Program: Full design document. Agenda item SC21-05a, 21st CGIAR System Council meeting, Berlin, Germany, 11-12 December 2024. Montpellier: CGIAR

Building trust, bridging divides: How Zambia’s digital champions are paving the way for inclusive farming

Written by dmedina on . Posted in News.

Digital champions participating in a training activity in Choma (Photo: Moono Mwiinga Sekeleti)

In Zambia’s Southern Province, CIMMYT’s Atubandike[1] initiative is reshaping agricultural extension – moving beyond traditional top-down, one-size-fits-all models that have historically favored the well-resourced farmers. Instead, Atubandike promotes a more inclusive, demand-driven model that centers the voices of all farmers, regardless of gender, age, literacy level, or economic status. This shift is driven by a ‘phygital’ platform that blends the strengths of in-person support with the efficiency of mobile technology.

At the heart of Atubandike’s phygital platform are 84 local digital champions (DCs), half of whom are women, and 42% are under the age of 35. Selected by their communities, these champions embody the demographic shift that represents the future of agriculture. They are not external experts; but trusted peers and neighbors who serve as vital links between digital agricultural platforms and the people who need them most: the farmers. Their credibility, rooted in shared experience and local knowledge, is what enables them to build trust and drive meaningful change.

Ireen Chibilika practicing how to deliver a talk during the communications aspect of the trainings in Choma  (Photo: Moono Mwiinga Sekeleti)

While mobile technology holds immense potential to sustainably boost agricultural productivity[2], many farmers remain digitally excluded.  Barriers such as low literacy, limited phone access and entrenched social norms continue to hinder widespread engagement with digital advisory services [3]. That’s where the DCs step in – not only to introduce new tools, but to help dismantle these barriers; ensuring that no one is left behind.

A foundation of trust

In October and November 2024, Digital Champions from 14 Zambian communities gathered for a two-day, in-person workshop. This training, which complemented previous digital skills sessions, focused on co-developing two pivotal strategies: (1) building trust with farmers through effective communication and (2) addressing the complex gender, diversity, and inclusion (GDI) challenges affecting the DCs as well as the farmers they support.

Why begin with trust? Because trust is foundational to meaningful engagement. For farmers to adopt new climate-smart agriculture (CSA) practices and digital platforms like Atubandike, they must have confidence-both in the messengers and the technology itself. This insight shaped the training design, which was grounded [4] in empirical studiesïżŒ and further contextualized through in-depth interviews with 36 farmers in November 2023. The resulting curriculum emphasized care, communication, and competence – not only to help DCs build trust as messengers, but also to support farmers in using their phones with confidence. By strengthening both interpersonal and digital trust, DCs play a critical role in closing the gap between farmers and the tools that can transform their livelihoods.

The training was designed and delivered through a dialogical approach encouraging open conversation and engagement by the participants throughout the learning process. Through role plays, group discussions, and real-life scenario analysis, DCs engaged deeply with the material, facilitated peer-to-peer learning, and developed a strong sense of ownership and confidence in applying their new skills.

The session explored what it means to connect meaningfully with farmers and as one female participant shared, “the interactive nature of the training, with role plays and real-life scenarios, have given me the confidence and desire to go on and apply what I have learned in the field.”

Trust-building exercises, such as active listening and respectful communication, fostered empathy. These practices not only enhanced the DC’s ability to effectively engage with farmers – they reinforced the values that form the bedrock of inclusive community engagement.

Challenging norms and building inclusion

Trust, however, is only part of the story. True inclusion requires confronting the systemic biases that have long shaped rural agricultural systems. In Zambia, deeply rooted cultural norms often determine who gets to speak, who leads and whose voice is heard. Women, youth and the elderly frequently face significant barriers to leadership roles and are often excluded from participating in community dialogues. and their opinions often pushed aside.

Participants demonstrating how gender roles can be challenged using a drama skit (Photo: Moono Mwiinga Sekeleti)

To address this, the Gender, Diversity, and Inclusion (GDI) curriculum tackled exclusion head-on. Rooted in insights from 13 community engagement meetings held in mid-2024, the course content reflected the lived realities of local communities.  These were not abstract concepts-they were honest, community-led conversations about barriers people face and the solutions they envision.

One male Digital Champion reflected: “In our communities, farming tasks like milking, planting, and weeding are often tied to gender. But moving forward, we will encourage our fellow farmers to see these as shared responsibilities.”

Female DCs also shared their personal experiences of exclusion and resilience. “Being a woman, I have faced challenges in earning recognition as a leader,’ one participant shared. “But this training has given me confidence to lead in my community.”  Another young mother brought her newborn to the training – an act that symbolized the very inclusion the program espouses. “You didn’t just teach about inclusion,” she said expressing her gratitude to CIMMYT. “You demonstrated it, making sure I had support for my child so that I could focus and learn.”

An extension officer assisting a mother with her child during the training in Choma (Photo: Moono Mwiinga Sekeleti)

As the training came to a close, the DCs moved beyond theory. Together, they co-created practical strategies to address cultural resistance, promote inclusive participation, and support marginalized farmers in accessing essential agricultural resources.  Empowered by new skills and a strong sense of ownership, they left not only informed but ready to act.

From insight to impact

Some of the most meaningful learning moments came from lived experience. In one session, a DC recounted how a shift in approach – simply listening – changed her relationship with a skeptical farmer. “He told me that no one had really listened to him before. That act marked the moment we started working together.”

Breakthroughs emerged during the sessions on gender dynamics. Initially met with hesitation, the role-play exercises and open dialogue gradually opened space for reflection and growth. Male DCs began to recognize the value of women’s perspectives, while female participants found renewed confidence to speak up and voice their opinions. These seemingly small shifts in mindset marked important steps toward broader social change, grounded in empathy, understanding and mutual respect.

The training also brought logistical challenges, such as the high cost of reaching remote farmers, limited phone access, and the digital divine within some households. In response, the Atubandike program introduced practical solutions, including airtime and data allowances for DCs, encouraging people to share their phones or advising farmers to borrow handsets from trusted neighbors.

To sustain this momentum, CIMMYT launched regular one-on-one check-in calls with each DC. These touchpoints offer mentorship, reflection and tailored support as DCs continue to embed trust-building and inclusive practices into their everyday work.

Looking ahead: a story of empowerment

As the sessions concluded, a new energy and sense of purpose took hold.  DCs left not only with new skills, but with a clear commitment to act. They pledged to attend and host regular community meetings, conduct home visits for farmers unable to attend meetings and use WhatsApp groups to foster ongoing peer learning and collaboration.

This is just the beginning. The next chapter is about turning plans into practice ensuring that the digital revolution in agriculture is truly inclusive and leaves no farmer behind.

The story of digital champions in Zambia is one of empowerment. It is not only about their growth as leaders, but also about the transformation they are catalyzing in their communities. As they challenge social norms, build trust, and amplify unheard voices, they are shaping a more inclusive and resilient agricultural future.

 

[1]Atubandike, meaning “let’s chat” in Tonga, a local language spoken in Zambia’s Southern Province.

[2] Fabregas, Raissa, Michael Kremer, and Frank Schilbach. 2019. “Realizing the Potential of Digital Development: The Case of Agricultural Advice.” Science. American Association for the Advancement of Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aay3038.

[3] Sterling, R. (2021, January 14). “Why Women Aren’t Using Your Ag App.” Agrilinks. https://agrilinks.org/post/why-women-arent-using-your-ag-app

[4] Examples include: Buck, Steven, and Jeffrey Alwang. 2011. “Agricultural Extension, Trust, and Learning: Results from Economic Experiments in Ecuador.” Agricultural Economics 42 (6): 685–99. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-0862.2011.00547.x. Greene, Jessica, and Christal Ramos. 2021. “A Mixed Methods Examination of Health Care Provider Behaviors That Build Patients’ Trust.” Patient Education and Counseling 104 (5): 1222–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2020.09.003.

 

 

Joining Forces to Sow Peace through Multilateralism: CIMMYT’s Global Commitment

Written by dmedina on . Posted in Blogs.

Training in agroecological pest management during the early activities of the Western Honduras InnovaHub (Photo: Marlon Duron, Western InnovaHub)

Since our foundation, multilateralism has been a guiding principle of CIMMYT’s mission. We firmly believe that by forging strong alliances among countries, institutions, and communities, we can collectively confront the pressing challenges threatening food security, environmental health, and social cohesion.

From our base in Mexico, we cultivate networks of scientific and technical collaboration to advance agricultural innovations that are tailored to local realities. These solutions strengthen agri-food systems, enabling them to endure climate shocks, economic disruptions, and social crises.

Agriculture for Peace: A Transformative Vision Rooted in Science

A living embodiment of this vision is Agriculture for Peace, an initiative led by the Government of Mexico and supported by CIMMYT’s scientific and technical expertise. The initiative is grounded in a profound yet simple conviction: agriculture—when enriched by both cutting-edge research and the ancestral wisdom of farmers—can serve as a powerful force for social reconciliation, inclusive development, and enduring peace.

Through applied research, technology transfer, local capacity development, and the creation of economic opportunities, Agriculture for Peace seeks to foster resilient, equitable, and prosperous communities. This initiative represents a concrete pathway to regenerate hope—both in Mexico and across borders.

Global Partnerships, Local Impact

CIMMYT’s commitment to multilateralism extends across the globe:

  • In Africa, through MasAgro Africa, we adapt successful experiences from Mexico to strengthen the capacities of smallholder farmers in countries such as Malawi, Tanzania, Zambia, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. This work promotes sustainable agricultural practices, boosts productivity, and enhances food and nutrition security.
  • In South Asia, we collaborate with partners in India, Nepal, and Bangladesh to transform cereal production systems. Together, we promote climate-resilient farming methods that improve both yields and livelihoods.
  • In Latin America and the Caribbean, we advance the AgriLAC Resiliente initiative to foster inclusive innovation, scientific collaboration, and policy engagement that address the dual threats of climate change and rural inequality.

A Legacy of Listening and Action

Over the course of six decades, CIMMYT has learned that transformation begins with listening. Our founder, Dr. Norman Borlaug, understood the importance of hearing the world’s crises—and responding with science, innovation, and international solidarity. His legacy compels us to continue listening closely to today’s challenges and co-creating solutions that are rooted in cooperation and driven by evidence.

Today, as the world confronts compounding global crises, the need for unity, dialogue, and action has never been more urgent. At CIMMYT, we call for renewed and strengthened alliances to holistically transform agri-food systems—merging scientific excellence with the time-honored knowledge of farmers.

Because by doing so, we do more than cultivate crops:
We sow resilience, sustainability, and shared prosperity.

Agriculture for Peace is our collective opportunity to sow transformation, regeneration, and hope.

Fingerprinting bioinformatics pipeline cuts seed purity testing from days to clicks

Written by dmedina on . Posted in Blogs.

A new bioinformatics-driven tool dramatically accelerates seed purity testing, offering fast, automated parental purity checks and hybridity verification—thereby increasing the effectiveness of breeders, seed companies, and regulators.

Waiting days—or even weeks—to analyze Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) assay data to verify the genetic purity and hybridity of seeds and crosses may soon be a thing of the past. A new bioinformatics-driven seed purity testing pipeline significantly reduces the time required to confirm seed identity, bringing it down to just a few clicks.

The new pipeline uses DNA fingerprinting with SNPs in a fast, accurate, and scalable automated genetic analysis.

Modernizing Genetic Purity and Hybridity Testing

Traditionally, seed producers and certification agencies have relied on grow-out tests and morphological analysis to assess genetic purity. These methods are labor-intensive and time-consuming, often requiring weeks or months of field or greenhouse work by trained technicians.

Although CIMMYT has long used molecular markers to verify parental purity and hybridity, challenges remained—particularly the lack of automated tools and integrated platforms to make the process seamless and accessible.

That is changing, thanks to software developed by Abhishek Rathore and team. The pipeline automatically compares each sample’s genetic profile to its expected reference using a custom algorithm. Based on user-defined thresholds, the tool confirms parental purity, identifies putative F1 hybrids, and flags failed crosses.

“We wanted a tool that breeders and seed companies can use without needing specialized bioinformatics skills,” said Abhishek Rathore, bioinformatics specialist at CIMMYT. “Once the DNA data is generated, the analysis is push-button. The software quickly interprets the SNP results and produces an easy-to-read report on seed purity. It’s about making advanced bioinformatics accessible and routine for parental purity and F1 verifications.”

Speedy, Automated, and User-Friendly

Early implementation of the pipeline has demonstrated large gains in speed and efficiency. What previously required extensive manual effort can now be completed in minutes.

The system is designed with user-friendliness in mind: lab technicians simply upload SNP assay results into an intuitive interface, and the pipeline returns clear metrics—such as “% purity”—while flagging any off-type individuals. With the computational workload fully automated, even seed companies and labs with minimal informatics infrastructure can benefit.

“Automation is key,” added Rathore. “By reducing manual steps and subjective interpretation, we save time and minimize human error. You can process dozens of seed samples overnight and receive a comprehensive genetic report by morning.”

To make this automation accessible to stakeholders across NARS, CIMMYT’s biometrician Roma Das developed a user-friendly web interface, while Peter Kimathi, a bioinformatics and software developer, developed a custom report and deployed the pipeline as a web service on CIMMYT’s servers (link below).

Widespread Adoption Across Africa

Since its rollout, the pipeline has been widely adopted by CIMMYT and partners through the Africa Dryland Crops Improvement Network (ADCIN). Mohan Chejerla, Genomics Expert at CIMMYT, has already applied the pipeline to over 23,000 samples, ensuring quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) for breeding pipelines across Kenya, Uganda, Mali, Senegal, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Tanzania, Niger, Togo, Zambia, and Ghana.

This broad uptake underscores the demand for reliable, scalable seed purity testing—and the pipeline’s value for enhancing crop breeding and seed system integrity.

Additional Information:
🔗 Pipeline Source Code
🔗 CIMMYT Pipeline Implementation

Rita Devi’s Small Farmers Large Field model revives agriculture in Bihar

Written by dmedina on . Posted in Blogs.

Above: Farmers carrying potatoes harvested from the field (Photo: TAFSSA)

Bihar’s economy is driven by agriculture, which employs more than half of the workforce. With a yield of 27,654 kg per hectare from 330,000 hectares of land, Bihar accounts for 17% of India’s total potato production, behind only Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal. But the agricultural land is fraught with challenges: small and marginal farmers, who on average own less than 2 hectares of land, account for 97% of the landholdings. This creates less-than-ideal conditions for productive agriculture.

In Bihar’s largest potato-producing belt, a plethora of challenges make farming unprofitable: bottlenecks in getting good quality seeds, unaffordability of pesticides and fertilizers, the prevalence of crop pests and diseases, poor market prices at harvest time, and inadequate knowledge of good agronomic practices—all lead to lower net returns. Nalanda’s farmers are finding ways to make farming more profitable, productive, sustainable, and rewarding.

If this does not happen, farming will soon cease to be a lucrative—or even viable—livelihood.

Rita Devi, a 47-year-old farmer from Bihar, is one of 103 innovative farmers demonstrating new ways to tackle agricultural challenges through the Small Farmers Large Fields (SFLF) project, implemented by Transforming Agrifood Systems in South Asia (TAFSSA) in partnership with the International Potato Center (CIP).

Rita Devi inherited an acre of land after her husband’s prolonged illness and demise during the COVID-19 pandemic three years ago.

But she can’t imagine a world in which farming is a sustainable livelihood for her or future generations. “It’s hard to see profits in agriculture,” she sighs. “As long as the land size is small, how can the profits increase? The profits remain tiny, too.” For small farmers like Rita Devi, who are financially precarious, farming is neither a lucrative livelihood nor an aspirational lifestyle.

Rita Devi saw a glimmer of hope in the form of the SFLF program when she saw some people touring the village in September 2022, talking about farming in a new light.

Aggregation as a solution to farmers’ woes

In the field, TAFSSA staff at the International Potato Center (CIP), with support from the NGO Jeevika, mobilized farmers to pilot the SFLF collective action farming model.

Under the SFLF model, participating farmers organize themselves into groups to increase their collective bargaining power.

They buy inputs and secure farm services collectively from providers and achieve significant savings through bulk purchases; they improve their production practices and use quality seeds. Ultimately, their crops receive a premium for quality and volume.

The TAFSSA team planned to spread knowledge about improved farming practices among farmers and then use their collective bargaining power to procure better resources and prices. They started the initiative with training sessions.

Rajiv Ranjan, TAFSSA’s field coordinator and a farmer, said, “Varietal knowledge of seeds and crops was inadequate among farmers. They had no idea about the new varieties or how the different varieties performed.”

The training sessions combined presentations and interactive discussions with farmers, using visual aids such as photos and diagrams to enhance understanding. Key topics included field and seed preparation, high-yielding and disease-resistant crop varieties, irrigation optimization, and precision fertilizer application. Farmers also learned about preventive and reactive approaches to weed and disease management, and post-harvest handling and storage techniques.

Better seed quality means better yields. Better bargaining power helped farmers get a better price for their crop (Photo: TAFFSA)

Connecting with farmers through the Small Farmers Large Fields pilot

Rita Devi decided to attend the training sessions in December 2022 to learn more about farming and explore how this new knowledge would help her reduce the costs of farming. Her main motivation was to improve her crop yield, which would be financially rewarding.

When TAFSSA staff first entered the villages and interacted with the farmers, many of them had their doubts about the interventions. International Potato Center (CIP) staff continued to meet with farmers in the villages and explain the benefits of collective farming. In the beginning, a few large farmers joined the program, and this led to the adoption of the practices by other small farmers. Trust was built over time.

The International Potato Center (CIP) developed a comprehensive Package of Practice (PoP) with illustrations of key field operations, major pests, and diseases. Accompanied by concise guidelines on input application methods, fertilizer and pesticide dosages, and timing during the crop cycle, the PoP was translated into Hindi, printed as a leaflet, and distributed to farmers in both pilot sites. Designed as a quick reference guide, the leaflet helps farmers with all aspects of potato and seed production, including efficient pest and disease identification and management.

Rita Devi recalls receiving information on water conservation, optimizing fertilizer dosage, and pest control, all of which led to monitored and restricted input use and financial savings.

“Now we know the correct amount of fertilizer dosage, and could save money,” said Rita Devi, who joined the pilot program in the rabi season of 2023–24 and implemented lessons she learned in the training and demonstrations. The financial savings were tangible and motivated her to move forward.

One of the lessons learned by her community is how to optimize irrigation for rabi potato, which requires five to six irrigation cycles in the region. The CIP team gave clear instructions on when these cycles should take place: first light irrigation 5–10 days after planting to cover one-third of the ridge, on-demand irrigation covering half of the ridge in subsequent cycles, stopping irrigation 8–10 days before harvest, and avoiding waterlogging at all times.

Farmers engaged in growing and harvesting potatoes (Photo: TAFFSA)

Harnessing collective strengths

The SFLF initiative aimed to strengthen farmers’ bargaining power by improving supply chain integration. A key focus was to help farmers collectively procure quality inputs such as seeds and fertilizers from reliable and affordable sources. High-quality seeds were sourced directly from Punjab, replacing expensive, substandard local options. Negotiated prices and proper storage ensured that farmers in Nalanda had seamless access to these resources. Similar arrangements were made for fertilizers and pesticides.

Rita Devi is a passionate supporter of the initiative for its financial and operational benefits. “Even if no one else makes the provision, we will form a farmer group to procure seeds from Punjab,” she asserts, reflecting the project’s effectiveness. Her determination shows how collective action and better linkages can empower smallholder farmers and optimize their farming practices.

In another exercise, Rita Devi tested crop diversification. After harvesting potatoes, she planted maize and moong beans on her farm to increase her farm income.

Farmer engaged in growing and harvesting potatoes (Photo: TAFFSA)

SFLF’s tangible and intangible impact

Ranjan attests to a noticeable change in farmers’ confidence: “SFLF has helped farmers by increasing knowledge and income. Information from local experts in the village and neighbouring villages also helped the farmers. Earlier, farmers were afraid of the quality of seeds they bought from the market. With the CIP linkages, they get assured quality and variety of seeds.”

With better seed quality and improved farming practices, Rita’s income from crops has improved. However, her profit is limited to the small plot. She is resourceful in her income generation: she plans to sell the surplus seed she has acquired to farmers during the rabi season in 2024.

Most farmers in the SFLF program have roughly doubled their incomes and net returns, after adjusting for production costs, compared to non-SFLF farmers.

Rita Devi hopes that as word spreads about the positive impact on yields and market values, more farmers will join the SFLF model. Additionally, subsequent seasons of the pilot will help refine the model to address all the prevalent issues they face.

Women in agronomy: the journey of Carolina Cortez

Written by dmedina on . Posted in Blogs.

Carolina Cortez is an agronomist specializing in agricultural parasitology and currently serves as the technical coordinator at CIMMYT’s Pacific-North Hub. Her career reflects the dedication, knowledge, and perseverance required to transform perceptions of women’s roles in the agricultural sector.

With a strong foundation in science and a passion for sustainable farming, Carolina has become a key figure in coordinating technical efforts that support farmers across northern Mexico. Her leadership not only addresses critical challenges in crop protection and productivity but also inspires a new generation of women to pursue careers in agricultural research and innovation.

Carolina Cortez, agronomist and technical coordinator at CIMMYT, shares her experience in agriculture and female leadership in the sector, driving innovation and inclusion in the field. (Photo: Gabriela Bracamonte / CIMMYT)

From her childhood in Sinaloa, she grew up surrounded by crops such as maize, wheat, beans, and sorghum, which sparked her natural interest in agronomy. “One of the main reasons I decided to study agronomy was the environment in which I was born. I grew up in a family of farmers where our family gatherings mainly revolved around discussions about the crops of each agricultural cycle,” she recalls. This close connection to the field led her to enroll at the Autonomous University of Chapingo, where she graduated in agronomy in 2015.

However, her career path has not been without challenges. Despite her knowledge and experience, she has encountered resistance in a sector where traditional ideas about women’s roles in agriculture persist. “The biggest challenge I have faced is getting both farmers and technicians to accept that a woman can oversee or implement new agricultural initiatives. The prevailing perception in some areas is still that agriculture is only for men,” she explains.

Over time, however, she has proven that ability and commitment do not depend on gender, but on preparation and dedication. “As time goes by and we start doing experiments or involving them in field trials, once they see the results, their perspective completely changes, and they realize the need to include women in the agricultural sector,” she adds.

Throughout her career, she has witnessed a growing interest from women in agronomy, not only in technical and field work but also in administrative and managerial roles that strengthen the sector. “Not only are more women enrolling in agronomy programs, but they are also entering administrative areas that support the agricultural sector. This is essential for increasing the visibility of women in agriculture,” she says.

She also believes that the scientific advancements driven by women have been key to opening up new opportunities and challenging existing paradigms. Her work at CIMMYT as technical lead for projects in Sinaloa, in collaboration with companies such as BIMBO, Kellogg’s, and Ingredion, has been a turning point in her career. “One of my achievements has been to serve as the technical lead for CIMMYT projects developed in Sinaloa in recent years. Additionally, I have been a lecturer in training courses on conservation agriculture, regenerative agriculture, and cover crops,” she explains.

For all these reasons, she stresses the importance of professional training and the development of communication skills for young women aspiring to enter the field of agronomy. “I encourage them not to give up on entering this beautiful profession. They should firmly establish their principles, professional integrity, and long-term goals in the agricultural sector, as these will be the foundation for seeking opportunities for integration and applying their acquired knowledge,” she advises.

Finally, she emphasizes the importance of continuous learning and building personal confidence. “I recommend that they begin professional preparation on innovative topics and develop personal confidence. Standing in front of farmers, technicians, and an audience requires fluency and confidence in speaking, which can only be achieved through knowledge and scientific support,” she concludes.

Carolina’s story is a testament to the impact women have in agriculture and serves as an inspiration to continue promoting female leadership in a sector that is constantly evolving.

Positioning Soil Health on the Agenda: Bridging Science, Policy and Advocacy

Written by dmedina on . Posted in In the media.

In the May 2025 webinar co-hosted by CA4SH and the Vision for Adapted Crops and Soils (VACS), CIMMYT played a leading role through its co-leadership of VACS, promoting resilient food systems grounded in healthy soils and climate-adapted crops. Represented by Daniela Vega (CGIAR/CIMMYT), the Center highlighted VACS’ rapid growth and its efforts to bridge science, policy, and practice—supporting integrated soil health solutions, evidence-based decision-making, and advancing global commitments like the Soil Health Resolution.

Read the full story.

Evangelina Villegas: A Pioneer Woman in Agricultural Science, Inspired by Norman Borlaug

Written by dmedina on . Posted in News.

Norman Borlaug was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970 for leading an agricultural revolution in Mexico, specifically in the Yaqui Valley in Sonora, where he developed high-yield, disease-resistant wheat varieties that helped save the lives of thousands threatened by hunger.

Evangelina Villegas, together with Dr. Surinder Vasal (left) and Norman Borlaug (second from right), share a moment together. (Photo: CIMMYT)

His legacy, driven by CIMMYT in collaboration with the Government of Mexico, has had a profound and lasting impact on global food security. This legacy has inspired and empowered the role of numerous women in agricultural science, encouraging them to lead innovative and essential research to address global food challenges. 

Among the women who have stood out due to this influence is Evangelina Villegas, a Mexican scientist whose pioneering work in nutritional maize improvement had a global impact. Together with Dr. Surinder Vasal, Villegas developed quality protein maize (QPM), an innovation that significantly reduced malnutrition and improved nutritional quality for millions of people in developing countries. For these contributions, Evangelina Villegas was awarded the World Food Prize in 2000, becoming the first woman to receive this prestigious honor. 

Beyond her scientific achievements, Evangelina Villegas stood out for her commitment to mentoring new generations of researchers, especially women. Her efforts opened doors for more women scientists to participate in high-impact social projects, establishing her as a role model for female leadership in agricultural science. 

Villegas’s career clearly reflects the continuation of the social and scientific commitment initiated by Borlaug. Her example highlights how his legacy has not only positively influenced science but also played a crucial role in advancing gender equity within the agricultural and scientific sectors. 

An award presented to Evangelina Villegas for the 2000 World Food Prize, recognizing her contribution to global food security. (Photo: Jenifer Morales/CIMMYT)

Today, the life and work of Evangelina Villegas continue to inspire young women researchers, demonstrating how fostering female leadership in agriculture is essential for building sustainable, inclusive, and equitable food systems capable of addressing current and future challenges. 

Evangelina Villegas in her laboratory conducting analyses that led to the development of quality protein maize (QPM). (Photo: CIMMYT)

IMIC-Africa Field Day 2025: Where science meets collaboration to accelerate maize innovation in Africa

Written by dmedina on . Posted in News.

Regional partners in front of the CIMMYT maize lines displayed during field day. (CIMMYT)

Every year, public and private sector partners participate at The International Maize Improvement Consortium for Africa (IMIC-Africa) Field Day for Southern Africa, a unique event that seeks to transform the maize sector. The 2025 field day, hosted at the University of Zimbabwe farm on April 9th, brought together an eclectic blend of partners from seven African countries, including long-standing collaborators and new entrants such as AMAC Seeds and Grow Trade Seeds. Moving beyond just showcasing key achievements and new germplasm to partners, the field day fostered critical and meaningful discussions and experience sharing among partners, from lab to farm.

By offering access to both early- and advanced-generation maize lines, the event was a critical intersection point where public and private players align to tackle the continent’s most pressing agricultural challenges. In addition, members have the opportunity to test their pre-commercial hybrids through CIMMYT-led multi-location trials, ensuring that the products are carefully evaluated across diverse agroecologies and for essential traits such as drought tolerance, pest resistance and high yield potential. It also provides an avenue for suggesting improvements to the demonstrations, ranging from labelling.

We took time to get a clear perspective from CIMMYT scientists, private and public sector representatives.

Q: How important is the IMIC-Africa Field day in addressing maize sector challenges?

“Success of breeding programs is hinged on injection of new genetics that drive gains. Developing high value inbred and donor lines is an expensive process and platforms such as IMIC Africa help reduce product development costs in maize breeding programs of the partners and reduce time taken to deliver solutions to farmers,” emphasized Aparna Das, Senior Technical Program Manager for the Global Maize Program.

“It is rare to get an opportunity to observe and select hundreds of lines in one location as it offers each participant an opportunity to see the performance potential of each line at a glance” said James Gethi, southern Africa Seed Systems Specialist and IMIC Africa southern Africa coordinator.

Mainassara Zaman-Allah, CIMMYT’s Country Representative for Zimbabwe, reflected on the core strengths of the consortium, “It has been 8 years since the launch of the initiative, and one of the core strengths of IMIC-Africa is its inclusivity. Whether from a national agricultural research institution, maize seed company or international agricultural research organizations, IMIC-Africa opens its doors for all involved in maize breeding for the African market. This diversity enables us to leverage a broad range of expertise and resources, to articulate the challenges faced by African farmers.”

Q: What impact have the maize lines had on breeding programs?

“We have seen major improvements in the vigor of materials displayed that open a new frontier for single cross hybrid varieties development” commented Oswell Ndoro from AMAC seeds, a new member of IMIC Africa, signalling optimism for the future.

Walter Trevisan, consultant for Helix Seeds, praised CIMMYT’s Zimbabwe scientists for their collaborative support in selections, “Thank you very much for this outstanding work! We sure appreciate the help of the CIMMYT Zimbabwe scientists in helping us with this task.”

Davison Chaingeni from ARISS, formerly DR&SS Zimbabwe, echoed this, “We continue to see value in getting more DH-based lines. We hope the vigor translates to yield.”

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Q: Take us through on what was on offer in the field, where science meets need and demand.

“An array of 624 CIMMYT maize lines were on display, which consisted of 614 new lines from 4 different product profiles providing insights into the performance of different materials. The materials span early-, intermediate, and late- maturity groups to nutritious maize breeding pipelines. A critical component of the field display was trait donor lines where 5 lines were on display for selection. The traits donor lines on display were for drought, drought & heat and Low N & MLN tolerance. This comprehensive showcase enabled seed companies and NARS partners to make informed selections, tailored to their breeding needs,” Gethi explained.

Development of provitamin A-enriched maize (PVA) addresses one of the emerging challenges in combating hidden hunger and animal feed. He further adds, “On display were 126 lines originating from the PVA-enriched maize breeding pipeline. The efforts underscore CIMMYT’s commitment to address regional nutritional needs through targeted breeding initiatives.”

 

IMIC-Africa lines on display showing differences in phenotype for exploitation by partners (CIMMYT)

Q: What improvements would partners like to see moving forward?

Amsal Tarekegne, head of breeding at Zamseed Seed Company, pointed to a practical bottleneck, “It is a challenge understanding the pedigree information provided in the field book due to its length.”

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Yet, the road ahead still demands refinement.  Lubasi Sinyinda from Zambia Agricultural Research Institute (ZARI), one of the NARS partners in IMIC-Africa since its inception, noted, “I would like to see more fall armyworm (FAW) and heat-tolerant lines displayed.”

For new entrants like Petros Guveya of Grow Trade Seed company, navigating CIMMYT’s updated heterotic groupings was a challenge, underlining the need for improved orientation for first-time participants.

On the brighter side, Themba Mutuvira complimented the design of the fields by indicating they were easy to navigate through. “The fields were well labelled, and we had no challenges at all identifying the materials”

A living laboratory for Africa’s Maize future

The 2025 IMIC-Africa Field Day was not just an event, but a living laboratory of innovation, critique, and partnership. In the face of mounting climate pressures, pest threats, and nutritional gaps, such platforms offer a rare and invaluable opportunity for the maize breeding community to align, adapt, and accelerate. As IMIC-Africa evolves, the call from partners is clear: deepen inclusivity, enhance clarity, and continually refine the experience to ensure that each plot, each line translates into impact on the farm and food on the table. The future of Africa’s maize sector will be built not in silos, but in such collaborative spaces where science meets the lived realities of farmers and seed companies alike.